Part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 1 Hz to 3000 GHz
This article is about the spectral band. For the radiation, see radio wave. For the frequency, see radio frequency. For the broadcaster, see Spectrum Radio.
Radio bands
ITU
1 (ELF)
2 (SLF)
3 (ULF)
4 (VLF)
5 (LF)
6 (MF)
7 (HF)
8 (VHF)
9 (UHF)
10 (SHF)
11 (EHF)
12 (THF)
EU / NATO / US ECM
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
IEEE
HF
VHF
UHF
L
S
C
X
Ku
K
Ka
V
W
mm
Other TV and radio
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
v
t
e
The radio spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with frequencies from 3 Hz to 3,000 GHz (3 THz). Electromagnetic waves in this frequency range, called radio waves, are widely used in modern technology, particularly in telecommunication. To prevent interference between different users, the generation and transmission of radio waves is strictly regulated by national laws, coordinated by an international body, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).[1]
Different parts of the radio spectrum are allocated by the ITU for different radio transmission technologies and applications; some 40 radiocommunication services are defined in the ITU's Radio Regulations (RR).[2] In some cases, parts of the radio spectrum are sold or licensed to operators of private radio transmission services (for example, cellular telephone operators or broadcast television stations). Ranges of allocated frequencies are often referred to by their provisioned use (for example, cellular spectrum or television spectrum).[3] Because it is a fixed resource which is in demand by an increasing number of users, the radio spectrum has become increasingly congested in recent decades, and the need to utilize it more effectively is driving modern telecommunications innovations such as trunked radio systems, spread spectrum, ultra-wideband, frequency reuse, dynamic spectrum management, frequency pooling, and cognitive radio.
^ITU Radio Regulations – Article 1, Definitions of Radio Services, Article 1.2 Administration: Any governmental department or service responsible for discharging the obligations undertaken in the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union, in the Convention of the International Telecommunication Union and in the Administrative Regulations (CS 1002)
^International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations, Edition of 2020.
^Colin Robinson (2003). Competition and regulation in utility markets. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-84376-230-0. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
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