Quantum tunnelling composites (QTCs) are composite materials of metals and non-conducting elastomeric binder, used as pressure sensors. They use quantum tunnelling: without pressure, the conductive elements are too far apart to conduct electricity; when pressure is applied, they move closer and electrons can tunnel through the insulator. The effect is far more pronounced than would be expected from classical (non-quantum) effects alone, as classical electrical resistance is linear (proportional to distance), while quantum tunnelling is exponential with decreasing distance, allowing the resistance to change by a factor of up to 1012 between pressured and unpressured states.[1]
Quantum tunneling composites hold multiple designations in specialized literature, such as: conductive/semi-conductive polymer composite,[2] piezo-resistive sensor[3] and force-sensing resistor (FSR).[4] However, in some cases Force-sensing resistors may operate predominantly under percolation regime; this implies that the composite resistance grows for an incremental applied stress or force.
^D. Bloor; A. Graham; E. J. Williams; P. J. Laughlin & D. Lussey (2006). "Metal–polymer composite with nanostructured filler particles and amplified physical properties" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 88 (10): 102103. Bibcode:2006ApPhL..88j2103B. doi:10.1063/1.2183359.
^Duan, Lingyan; Fu, Sirui; Deng, Hua; Zhang, Qin; Wang, Ke; Chen, Feng; Fu, Qiang (August 15, 2014). "The resistivity–strain behavior of conductive polymer composites: stability and sensitivity". J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 (40): 17085–17098. doi:10.1039/C4TA03645J. ISSN 2050-7488.
^Wang, Luheng (March 20, 2015). "Piezoresistive Sensor Based on Conductive Polymer Composite With Transverse Electrodes". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 62 (4): 1299–1305. Bibcode:2015ITED...62.1299W. doi:10.1109/TED.2015.2403474. ISSN 0018-9383. S2CID 30516143.
^Paredes-Madrid, L; Palacio, C; Matute, A; Parra, C (September 14, 2017). "Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs) under Static Loading Conditions". Sensors. 17 (9): 2108. Bibcode:2017Senso..17.2108P. doi:10.3390/s17092108. PMC 5621037. PMID 28906467.
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Quantumtunnellingcomposites (QTCs) are composite materials of metals and non-conducting elastomeric binder, used as pressure sensors. They use quantum...
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