Qian Zhongshu information

Qian Zhongshu
Qian Zhongshu
	Qian in the 1940s
Born	November 21, 1910; Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
Died	December 19, 1998 (aged 88); Beijing, China
Nationality	Chinese
Education	Tsinghua University (BA); Exeter College, Oxford (BLitt)
Spouse	Yang Jiang (m. 1935)
Children	Qian Yuan [zh]
Parent	Qian Jibo [zh]

Qian Zhongshu (November 21, 1910 – December 19, 1998), also transliterated as Ch'ien Chung-shu^[1] or Dzien Tsoong-su,^[2] was a renowned 20th century Chinese literary scholar and writer, known for his wit and erudition.

He is best known for his satirical novel Fortress Besieged. His works of nonfiction are characterized by large amount of quotations in both Chinese and Western languages such as English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, and Latin.^[3] He also played an important role in digitizing Chinese classics late in his life.^[4]

Qian created a profound theoretical meaning for the three features of motivational nature, empathetic nature, and rational nature of aesthetic emotion for literature by deeply studying questions such as the source of emotion motivation, the ways to express emotion, and the optimal comfort in emotion in writing. He believed that the source of emotion motivation is poems because poems can convey human's emotion. When people transfer their emotion to inanimate objects, they give these objects life, which is the ways to express emotion. Also, Qian insisted that humans cannot express their emotion as they want; instead, they should rationally control their emotion to a certain degree so that they can achieve an optimal appreciation status.^[5]

Names
Traditional Chinese:	錢鍾書
Simplified Chinese:	钱锺书^[6]
Pinyin:	Qián Zhōngshū
Wade-Giles:	Ch'ien Chung-shu
Zi:	Zheliang (哲良)
	Mocun (默存)
Hao:	Huaiju (槐聚)

^ Hsia Chih-tsing (1999) [first edition in 1961]. A History of Modern Chinese Fiction (3 ed.). Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 432. ISBN 0-253-33477-2.
^ 陈建军 (2015). "钱钟书桃坞中学时的一篇英语作文". 书屋 (8). 这篇英语作文原载《桃坞》1927年1月第十卷第一号，署名Dzien Tsoong-su......是目前所知钱钟书最早使用的英文名，后来他还用过Ch'ien Chung-Shu、C. S. Ch'ien等。在《桃坞》上，Dzien Tsoong-su这个英文名另有两种写法：一是Dzien Tsoong Su，见第九卷第一号"本报中文编辑部";一是T. S. Dzien，见第十卷第一号"本报英文编辑部"。钱钟书进入清华大学以后，在《清华周刊》上发表A Book Note（《书札》）、Pragmatism and Potterism（《实用主义和实在行为》）等，或署Dzien Tsoong-su，或署其缩写D. T. S.。
^ Lu Wenhu (1990). 管锥编谈艺录索引 [Indices to Guan Zhui Bian and Tanyi Lu] (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
^ Liu Shengqing (劉聖清); Li Shiyan (李士燕). 文化傳信集團電子漢文史資料庫建設透視. People's Daily Online (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
^ "国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库". www.nssd.org. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
^ From the 1950s, in mainland China the two traditional characters 鍾 and 鐘 were both officially simplified into the character 钟, but since 2003 the two characters have been separated again, as 锺 and 钟 respectively. 钱锺书 is thus the current standard simplified form and is used, for example, in works by Qian's wife Yang Jiang, although the form 钱钟书, which was standard from the 1950s until 2003, remains in widespread use.

[Qian-1] Hsia Chih-tsing (1999) [first edition in 1961]. A History of Modern Chinese Fiction (3 ed.). Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 432. ISBN 0-253-33477-2.

[2] 陈建军 (2015). "钱钟书桃坞中学时的一篇英语作文". 书屋 (8). 这篇英语作文原载《桃坞》1927年1月第十卷第一号，署名Dzien Tsoong-su......是目前所知钱钟书最早使用的英文名，后来他还用过Ch'ien Chung-Shu、C. S. Ch'ien等。在《桃坞》上，Dzien Tsoong-su这个英文名另有两种写法：一是Dzien Tsoong Su，见第九卷第一号"本报中文编辑部";一是T. S. Dzien，见第十卷第一号"本报英文编辑部"。钱钟书进入清华大学以后，在《清华周刊》上发表A Book Note（《书札》）、Pragmatism and Potterism（《实用主义和实在行为》）等，或署Dzien Tsoong-su，或署其缩写D. T. S.。

[3] Lu Wenhu (1990). 管锥编谈艺录索引 [Indices to Guan Zhui Bian and Tanyi Lu] (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.

[4] Liu Shengqing (劉聖清); Li Shiyan (李士燕). 文化傳信集團電子漢文史資料庫建設透視. People's Daily Online (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2007-01-11.

[5] "国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库". www.nssd.org. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

[6] From the 1950s, in mainland China the two traditional characters 鍾 and 鐘 were both officially simplified into the character 钟, but since 2003 the two characters have been separated again, as 锺 and 钟 respectively. 钱锺书 is thus the current standard simplified form and is used, for example, in works by Qian's wife Yang Jiang, although the form 钱钟书, which was standard from the 1950s until 2003, remains in widespread use.

Qian Zhongshu information

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Qian Zhongshu
Qian in the 1940s
Born	(1910-11-21)November 21, 1910 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
Died	December 19, 1998(1998-12-19) (aged 88) Beijing, China
Nationality	Chinese
Education	Tsinghua University (BA) Exeter College, Oxford (BLitt)
Spouse	Yang Jiang (m. 1935)
Children	Qian Yuan [zh]
Parent	Qian Jibo [zh]