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A pyrotechnic fastener (also called an explosive bolt, or pyro, within context) is a fastener, usually a nut or bolt, that incorporates a pyrotechnic charge that can be initiated remotely. One or more explosive charges embedded within the bolt are typically activated by an electric current, and the charge breaks the bolt into two or more pieces. The bolt is typically scored around its circumference at the point(s) where the severance should occur.[1] Such bolts are often used in space applications to ensure separation between rocket stages, because they are lighter and much more reliable than mechanical latches.
Explosive bolt in an Orion module
In applications that require safety, precision and reliability, such as the aerospace industry,[2] pyrotechnic fasteners are triggered using exploding bridgewire detonators, which were themselves later succeeded by slapper detonators.[citation needed] Classical blasting caps are generally avoided for such usage.
More recent developments have used pulsed laser diodes to detonate initiators through fiber-optic cables,[3] which subsequently fire the main charge.
Gas generators are similar to pyrotechnic fasteners. They are used to generate large amounts of gas, as for turbopumps, to inflate balloons, especially airbags, to eject parachutes and similar applications.
^U.S. Army Material Command Pamphlet 706-179 - 'Explosive Trains'(PDF). U.S. Army. 9 March 1965. p. 108. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2022.
^"AIAA 96-2874 Development and Qualification Testing of the High Voltage Detonator".
^"Laser Motor Igniter". Retrieved 12 September 2022.
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