Pyramid Text inscribed on the wall of a subterranean room in Teti's pyramid, at Saqqara
The Pyramid Texts are the oldest ancient Egyptian funerary texts, dating to the late Old Kingdom. They are the earliest known corpus of ancient Egyptian religious texts.[1][2] Written in Old Egyptian, the pyramid texts were carved onto the subterranean walls and sarcophagi of pyramids at Saqqara from the end of the Fifth Dynasty, and throughout the Sixth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, and into the Eighth Dynasty of the First Intermediate Period.[3][4] The oldest of the texts have been dated to c. 2400–2300 BCE.[5]
Unlike the later Coffin Texts and Book of the Dead, the Pyramid Texts were reserved only for the pharaoh and were not illustrated.[6] The use and occurrence of Pyramid Texts changed between the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt. During the Old Kingdom (2686 BCE – 2181 BCE), Pyramid Texts could be found in the pyramids of kings as well as three queens, named Wedjebten, Neith, and Iput. During the Middle Kingdom (2055 BCE – 1650 BCE), Pyramid Texts were not written in the pyramids of the pharaohs, but the traditions of the pyramid spells continued to be practiced. In the New Kingdom (1550 BCE – 1070 BCE), Pyramid Texts were found on tombs of officials.[7]
The PyramidTexts are the oldest ancient Egyptian funerary texts, dating to the late Old Kingdom. They are the earliest known corpus of ancient Egyptian...
Fifth Dynasty. It is the smallest Old Kingdom pyramid, but significant due to the discovery of PyramidTexts, spells for the king's afterlife incised into...
Unas Unas: PyramidTexts Burial chamber of Teti Pepi I PyramidTexts Ancient Egyptian funerary practices Ancient Egyptian funerary texts List of pharaohs...
in hieroglyphic text – the PyramidTexts. This was the first pyramid in which texts were found. Maspero also found texts in the pyramids of Unas, Teti,...
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid and served as the tomb of pharaoh Khufu, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom...
Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt. Sources cite at least 118 identified "Egyptian" pyramids. Approximately 80 pyramids were...
pyramid of Teti is a smooth-sided pyramid situated in the pyramid field at Saqqara in Egypt. It is the second known pyramid containing pyramidtexts....
the Book of the Dead. In contrast to the PyramidTexts which focus on the celestial realm, the coffin texts emphasize the subterranean elements of the...
the way. In the Middle Kingdom period the PyramidTexts were replaced by the Coffin Texts. The Coffin Texts were spells that were inscribed into the coffins...
deities. Texts from later periods continue to invoke the sons of Horus for protection in the afterlife as the PyramidTexts do. In many texts they were...
The main innovation of the pyramid of Unas is the first appearance of the PyramidTexts, one of the oldest religious texts in Egypt to have survived to...
A pyramid (from Ancient Greek πυραμίς (puramís) 'pyramid') is a structure whose visible surfaces are triangular and converge to a point at the top, making...
association with royalty and the Pharaoh (My face is that of Upwawet, PyramidTexts), symbolizing and protecting their rise to power, accompanying them...
A pyramidion (plural: pyramidia) is the capstone of an Egyptian pyramid or the upper section of an obelisk. Speakers of the Ancient Egyptian language...
The Giza pyramid complex (also called the Giza necropolis) in Egypt is home to the Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure,...
afterlife. They evolved over time, beginning with the PyramidTexts in the Old Kingdom through the Coffin Texts of the Middle Kingdom and into several books,...
deceased, was part of a tradition of funerary texts which includes the earlier PyramidTexts and Coffin Texts, which were painted onto objects, not written...
Set, appear in the utterances of the PyramidTexts. Funerary texts written in later times, such as the Coffin Texts from the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650...
way symbolized the horizon or akhet. At the time of the Fifth Dynasty PyramidTexts, Nephthys appears as a goddess of the Heliopolitan Ennead. She is the...
corridor. Unas' pyramid constrained the texts to the south section of the corridor, as did Teti's. The texts in Merenre I's and Pepi II's pyramids covered the...
list of links to specific religious texts which may be used for further, more in-depth study. PyramidTexts Coffin Texts Book of the Dead Book of Caverns...
in the corpus of ancient Egyptian funerary texts entitled the PyramidTexts. Spell 269 in the PyramidTexts mentions Ipet and succinctly demonstrates her...
impotence. For these people she would carry out a ritual based on the PyramidTexts. It always worked. The use of Heka without Maat was contrary to the...
Egypt. In many spells in the PyramidTexts, Isis and Nephthys help the deceased king reach the afterlife. In the Coffin Texts from the Middle Kingdom, Isis...
mentioned in about a quarter of the utterances that make up the PyramidTexts. In these texts, Set is said to have stolen the Eye of Horus, and sometimes...
accurate than another, but rather the truth was a mix of them all. The PyramidTexts of Dynasties V and VI mention the "Great Ennead", the "Lesser Ennead"...
Benben stone (also known as a pyramidion) is the top stone of the pyramid. It is also related to the obelisk. In the PyramidTexts, e.g. Utterances 587 and...
These pharaohs spent much of Egypt's money on sun-temples. The first PyramidTexts began to arise, giving Ra more and more significance in the journey...
information available on the Osiris myth is derived from allusions in the PyramidTexts at the end of the Fifth Dynasty, later New Kingdom source documents...
deities from earliest times, as evidenced by his prominence in the PyramidTexts, where he is portrayed as both a creator and father to the king throughout...
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