Pump as turbine installed to recover energy within the premises of an Irish rural water network in 2019
A pump as turbine (PAT), also known as a pump in reverse, is an unconventional type of reaction water turbine, which behaves in a similar manner to that of a Francis turbine. The function of a PAT is comparable to that of any turbine, to convert kinetic and pressure energy of the fluid into mechanical energy of the runner. They are commonly commercialized as composite pump and motor/generator units, coupled by a fixed shaft to an asynchronous induction type motor unit.[1][2]
Unlike other conventional machines which require being manufactured according to the client’s specifications, pumps are a very common piece of equipment widely available in different sizes and functionality anywhere around the globe. When used as a turbine, the rotor moves in the opposite direction, or in reverse, as to when it is operating as a pump. In this manner, it allows the motor to generate electrical power.
^Agarwal, Tarang (November 2012). "Review of pump as turbine (PAT) for micro-hydropower". International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. 2 (11): 163–169. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.414.3606.
^Williams, A.A. (September 1996). "Pumps as turbines for low cost micro hydro power". Renewable Energy. 9 (1–4): 1227–1234. Bibcode:1996REne....9.1227W. doi:10.1016/0960-1481(96)88498-9.
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