Pattern of chemical secretion in cells and tissues
Pulsatile secretion is a biochemical phenomenon observed in a wide variety of cell and tissue types, in which chemical products are secreted in a regular temporal pattern. The most common cellular products observed to be released in this manner are intercellular signaling molecules such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Examples of hormones that are secreted pulsatilely include insulin, thyrotropin, TRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and growth hormone (GH). In the nervous system, pulsatility is observed in oscillatory activity from central pattern generators. In the heart, pacemakers are able to work and secrete in a pulsatile manner. A pulsatile secretion pattern is critical to the function of many hormones in order to maintain the delicate homeostatic balance necessary for essential life processes, such as development and reproduction. Variations of the concentration in a certain frequency can be critical to hormone function, as evidenced by the case of GnRH agonists, which cause functional inhibition of the receptor for GnRH due to profound downregulation in response to constant (tonic) stimulation. Pulsatility may function to sensitize target tissues to the hormone of interest and upregulate receptors, leading to improved responses. This heightened response may have served to improve the animal's fitness in its environment and promote its evolutionary retention.
Pulsatile secretion in its various forms is observed in:
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) related hormones
Glucocorticoids
Insulin
Growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone
and 21 Related for: Pulsatile secretion information
Pulsatilesecretion is a biochemical phenomenon observed in a wide variety of cell and tissue types, in which chemical products are secreted in a regular...
pulsatilesecretion of GnRH. GnRH neurons lack sex steroid receptors and mediators such as kisspeptin stimulate GnRH neurons for pulsatilesecretion of...
are secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, which are follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinising hormones. They are released by pulsatile secretion...
apparent that pulsatilesecretion requires sophisticated synchronization both within and among the islets of Langerhans. Pulsatile insulin secretion from individual...
PMID 18073301. Stoléru SG, Ennaji A, Cournot A, Spira A (1993). "LH pulsatilesecretion and testosterone blood levels are influenced by sexual arousal in...
(June 2003). "Male axillary extracts contain pheromones that affect pulsatilesecretion of luteinizing hormone and mood in women recipients". Biology of...
the decreased action of steady-state levels of insulin, while pulsatile hormone secretion may allow recovery of receptor affinity and numbers for insulin...
currently unknown and remains under investigation. Pulsatile GnRH secretion results in the pulsatilesecretions of gonadotropins Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and...
"Metabolic and electrical oscillations: partners in controlling pulsatile insulin secretion". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism...
described in rats exposed to DDT or beta-estradiol in which GnRH pulsatilesecretion was found to be increased. Oral exposure of female rats to xenoestrogens...
free fatty acids) of GH secretion. Somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland then synthesize and secrete GH in a pulsatile manner, in response to...
the two peptides that regulate the secretion of kisspeptin. NKB is the stimulating peptide that initiates the pulsatile release of GnRH by activating NKB...
many neuromodulatory signals are involved in the regulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion. Some notable substances include kisspeptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY)...
synchronised, the overall level of vasopressin secretion into the blood is continuous, not pulsatile. Richard Dyball and his co-workers speculated that...
PMID 7784266. S2CID 27839755. Sundblom DM, Hyrkkö A, Fyhrquist F (1998). "Pulsatilesecretion of neuropeptide FF into human blood". Peptides. 19 (7): 1165–70....
development in children. Calcitonin plays a role in calcium homeostasis. Secretion of the two thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone...
secretes from the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic GnRH pulse influences the pulsatilesecretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)...
generation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The secretion of GnRH normally occurs in a pulsatile fashion, every 60 to 90 minutes. This is absent in...
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists when administered in a pulsatile (as opposed to continuous) manner, antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, clomifene...
in many species. PGF2α is released from uterine endometrial cells in a pulsatile pattern when stimulated by oxytocin to stimulate both luteolytic activity...
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