The psychological continuum model (PCM) is a framework to organise prior literature from various academic disciplines to explain sport and event consumer behaviour.[1][2][3][4][5]
The framework suggests four stages—awareness, attraction, attachment and allegiance—to describe how sport and event involvement progressively develops with corresponding behaviours (e.g., playing, watching, buying).[6] The PCM uses a vertical framework to characterise various psychological connections that individuals form with objects to explain the role of attitude formation and change that directs behaviours across a variety of consumption activities.[7] Explaining the how and why of sport and event consumer behaviour, it discusses how personal, psychological and environmental factors influence a wide range of sport consumption activities.[8]
^Funk, D. C. & James, J. D. (2001). "The psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sport". Sport Management Review. 4 (2): 119–150. doi:10.1016/S1441-3523(01)70072-1.
^Foster, W.M., & Hyatt, C.G. (2008). "Inventing team tradition: A conceptual model for the strategic development of fan nations". European Sport Management Quarterly. 8 (3): 265–287. doi:10.1080/16184740802224183. S2CID 154498541.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Beaton, A., Funk, D.C., & Alexandris, A. (2009). "Operationalizing a theory of participation in physically active leisure". Journal of Leisure Research. 41 (2): 177–203. doi:10.1080/00222216.2009.11950165. S2CID 141162815.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Stewart, B., Smith, A. C. T., & Nicholson, M. (2003). "Sport consumer typologies: A critical review". Sport Marketing Quarterly. 4: 206–216.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Kulczycki, C., & Hyatt, C. (2005). "Expanding the conceptualization of nostalgia sport tourism: Lessons learned from fans left behind after sport franchise relocation". Journal of Sport & Tourism. 10 (4): 273–293. doi:10.1080/14775080600805515. S2CID 145267518.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Shilbury, Westerbeek, Quick, Funk (2009). Strategic Sport Marketing, 3rd ed., p. 41-61. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74175-626-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Daniel C. Funk (2008). Consumer Behaviour in Sport and Events. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7506-8666-2.
^Beaton, A. A. & Funk, D. C. (2008). An evaluation of theoretical frameworks for studying physically active leisure. Leisure Sciences Vol. 30 (1), 53-70.
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