Pseudophyllid cestodes (former order pseudophyllidea) are tapeworms with multiple "segments" (proglottids) and two bothria or "sucking grooves" as adults. Proglottids are identifiably pseudophyllid as the genital pore and uterine pore are located on the mid-ventral surface, and the ovary is bilobed ("dumbbell-shaped").
The order has been discovered by phylogenetic analysis to be paraphyletic, and has been broken up into two orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea.[1]
Eggs have one flat end (the operculum) and a small knob on the other end. All pseudophyllid cestodes have a procercoid stage in their life cycle, and most also have a plerocercoid stage.
The majority of genera in this group have fish as their definitive hosts, but the most important family of pseudophyllid cestodes is Diphyllobothriidae, which infect mammals, birds and reptiles as their definitive hosts and use either copepods (a group of small crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat, e.g. Spirometra) or both copepods and fish as in the broadfish tapeworm as intermediate hosts. Typical mammalian hosts are whales and other cetaceans, and pinnipeds.[2]
The hermaphroditic Schistocephalus solidus parasitizes fish and fish-eating water birds, with a cyclopoid copepod as the first intermediate host.
When humans harbor plerocercoids of pseudophyllidean cestodes outside the small intestine, it can cause sparaganosis.
^Kuchta, Roman; et al. (January 2008). "Suppression of the tapeworm order Pseudophyllidea (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) and the proposal of two new orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea". Int. J. Parasitol. 38 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.08.005. PMID 17950292.
^Bowman, Dwight D.; Hendrix, Charles M.; Lindsay, David S.; Barr, Stephen C. (2008). Feline Clinical Parasitology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-470-37659-1.
Pseudophyllid cestodes (former order pseudophyllidea) are tapeworms with multiple "segments" (proglottids) and two bothria or "sucking grooves" as adults...
with feces, with or without some tissue degeneration. In the order Pseudophyllidea, the uterus has a pore and the proglottid sheds the shelled embryo...
different species have adopted various strategies of egg release. In the Pseudophyllidea, many eggs are released in the brief period when their aquatic intermediate...
Tetragonoporus is a genus of cestodes in the order Pseudophyllidea. It is a monotypic genus, and the only species is Tetragonoporus calyptocephalus, previously...
Bothria occur as a single or two pair and are typical of the order Pseudophyllidea (e.g., Diphyllobothrium). Bothria are muscular grooves that provide...
M.; Valtonen, E.T. (2006). "Schistocephalus cotti n. sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) plerocercoids from bullheads Cottus gobio L. in an Arctic river in...
González, H.; Contreras, B.; Martin, R. (September 1981). "Researches on Pseudophyllidea (Carus, 1813) in the south of Chile. IV Occurrence of Diphyllobothrium...
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