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Protosphyraena information


Protosphyraena
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, Coniacian–Maastrichtian
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Skull and pectoral fin fossils of Protosphyraena
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Pachycormiformes
Family:
Pachycormidae
Genus:
Protosphyraena

Leidy, 1857
Species
  • Protosphyraena perniciosa
  • Protosphyraena bentoniana
  • Protosphyraena nitida

Protosphyraena is a fossil genus of swordfish-like marine fish, that thrived worldwide during the Upper Cretaceous Period (Coniacian-Maastrichtian). Though fossil remains of this taxon have been found in both Europe and Asia, it is perhaps best known from the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Chalk Formation of Kansas (Late Coniacian-Early Campanian). Protosphyraena was a large fish, averaging 2–3 metres in length. Protosphyraena shared the Cretaceous oceans with aquatic reptiles, such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, as well as with many other species of extinct predatory fish. The name Protosphyraena is a combination of the Greek word protos ("early") plus Sphyraena, the genus name for barracuda, as paleontologists initially mistook Protosphyraena for an ancestral barracuda. Recent research shows that the genus Protosphyraena is not at all related to the true swordfish-family Xiphiidae, but belongs to the extinct family Pachycormidae.

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Protosphyraena

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Protosphyraena is a fossil genus of swordfish-like marine fish, that thrived worldwide during the Upper Cretaceous Period (Coniacian-Maastrichtian). Though...

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Rhamphoichthys

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pachycormid fish Protosphyraena; the English and Italian species are only known from rostral fragments that were previously assigned to Protosphyraena. It is one...

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Pachycormiformes

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to be the sister group of the Aspidorhynchiformes. Reconstruction of Protosphyraena perniciosa Life restoration of Leedsichthys Life restoration of Ohmdenia...

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Leedsichthys

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†Australopachycormus hurleyi †Protosphyraena...

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Demopolis Chalk

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Protosphyraena...

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Mosasaurus

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Cimolichthys, the saber-toothed herring Enchodus, and the swordfish-like Protosphyraena are represented in the northern Tethyan margin. The southern Tethyan...

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Xiphactinus

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Billfish

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may even be a relative of sturgeons. Similarly, the pachycormid fish Protosphyraena and the plethodid fish Rhamphoichthys from the Late Cretaceous had both...

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Australopachycormus

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the related Protosphyraena, it possessed an elongated rostrum. Some sources have recovered it as a potential junior synonym of Protosphyraena, although...

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Elasmosaurus

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Cimolichthys, Saurocephalus, Saurodon, Gillicus, Ichthyodectes, Xiphactinus, Protosphyraena and Martinichthys; and the sharks Cretoxyrhina, Cretolamna, Scapanorhynchus...

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Helicoprion

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pectoral fin spines from fish similar to "Pelecopterus" (now known as Protosphyraena). Karpinsky's 1899 monograph on Helicoprion noted that the bizarre nature...

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Richmondichthys

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Ichthyodectiformes

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Nyctosaurus

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the fossil site, and a wide variety of fish including swordfish-like Protosphyraena, as well as the predatory fishes Pachyrhizodus, Xiphactinus, Ichthyodectes...

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Hesseltal Formation

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pachyrhizodontid crossognathiform. P. sp. Paranursallia P. gutturosa A pycnodont. Protosphyraena P. sp. A billfish-like pachycormid. "Pycnodus" "P." scrobiculatus A...

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fish Big-game fishing Marlin fishing Marlin (magazine) Gray's paradox Protosphyraena (fossil) Scombridae United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement The Old Man...

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Aspidorhynchidae

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Marcopoloichthys

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Paleobiota of the Niobrara Formation

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Protosphyraena perniciosa...

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Orthocormus

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species of Hypsocormus, and is more closely related to Orthocormus + Protosphyraena, and thus has sometimes been referred to in open nomenclature as Orthocormus...

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Aidachar

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Pierre Shale

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F75.05.06). A plethodid, originally reported as Bananogmius evolutus. Protosphyraena P. gladius Hyde County, South Dakota. DeGrey Formation. SDSM 66288 (major...

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List of prehistoric bony fish genera

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†Protorhamphosus[Sepkoski 2002] †Protoscaphirhynchus[Sepkoski 2002] †Protosphyraena[Sepkoski 2002] †Protostomias[Sepkoski 2002] †Protriacanthus[Sepkoski...

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Rhinconichthys

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Martinichthys

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convergence with modern billfish and the co-occurring pachycormid fish Protosphyraena, although not to the extent of its close relative, Rhamphoichthys. Sepkoski...

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Paleontology in New Jersey

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time in the Seaway of the western US. The swordfish-like bony fish Protosphyraena has been preserved in the Navesink Formation. The turtle Bothremys also...

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Pachyrhizodus

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Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus...

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Bonnerichthys

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2010 Species: †B. gladius Binomial name †Bonnerichthys gladius (Cope, 1873) Synonyms Portheus gladius Cope, 1873 Protosphyraena gladius (Cope, 1873)...

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