Protosiren is an extinct early genus of the order Sirenia. Protosiren existed throughout the Lutetian to Priabonian stages of the Middle Eocene. Fossils have been found in the far-flung locations like the United States (South Carolina,[2] North Carolina and Florida[3]), Africa (Egypt), Europe (France, Germany[citation needed] and Hungary) and Asia (India and Pakistan).
So far, five species have been named. From comparative anatomy and chronological order,[4][5] it has been suggested that P. fraasi, P. sattaensis and P. smithae represent an ancestor-descendant lineage.[5]P. eothene is the oldest and smallest species.[6]
^Díaz-Berenguer, Ester; Badiola, Ainara; Moreno-Azanza, Miguel; Canudo, José Ignacio (2018). "First adequately-known quadrupedal sirenian from Eurasia (Eocene, Bay of Biscay, Huesca, northeastern Spain)". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 5127. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.5127D. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23355-w. PMC 5865116. PMID 29572454.
^Beatty, Brian L.; Geisler, Jonathan (2010). "A stratigraphically precise record of Protosiren (Protosirenidae, Sirenia) from North America". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 258 (2): 185–194. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0095.
^Bryan, Jonathan R., Scott, Thomas M., Mean, Guy H., 2008. Roadside Geology of Florida. Mountain Press.
^Gingerich P.D., Arif M, Bhatti M.A., Anwar M & Sanders W.J. (1997). "Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, New Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a Revised Interpretation of Ages of Whale-Bearing Strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan30(2): p. 55–81
^ abGingerich P.D., Muhammad A, Bhatti M.A., Raza H.A. & Raza S.M. (1995). "Protosiren and Babiacetus (Mammalia, Sirenia and Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology29(12): p. 331–57.
^Zalmout I.S., Ul-Haq M. & Gingerich P.D. (2003). "New species of Protosiren (Mammalia, Sirenia) from the early middle Eocene of Balochistan (Pakistan)". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology31(3): p. 79-87
Protosiren is an extinct early genus of the order Sirenia. Protosiren existed throughout the Lutetian to Priabonian stages of the Middle Eocene. Fossils...
Protosiren eothene is a species of Lutetian sirenian, found in the upper part of the Habib Rahi Formation, Pakistan. ZALMOUT, IYAD S.; MUNIR UL-HAQ; PHILIP...
Elsevier Science. pp. 89–110. ISBN 9780120885527. Retrieved 15 July 2018. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) Protosiren at The Paleobiology Database. v t e...
Mamdouh et al. (2024) describe fossil material of members of the genus Protosiren representing the first sirenians reported from the Eocene (Bartonian)...
Dorudon, the whales Cynthiacetus and Basiloterus, the primitive sirenian Protosiren, the early elephant Moeritherium, the sea turtle Puppigerus and many sharks...
Protosirenidae: Genus †Ashokia †A. antiqua Genus †Libysiren †L. sickenbergi Genus †Protosiren †P. eothene †P. fraasi †P. minima †P. sattaensis †P. smithae †Family Prorastomidae:...
in Egypt. It seems like the species E. abeli were contemporaneous with Protosiren and Eotheroides. like them, Eosiren closely resembled modern sirenians...
smaller endocranial volume than other contemporaneous sirenians such as Protosiren. Unlike extant sirenians, Eotheroides possesses a tentorium cerebelli...
hyrax formerly thought to be a juvenile specimen of Moeritherium gracile. Protosiren P. sp. Mandible. Actually from the Gehannam Formation or Birket Qarun...
and lower jaws) while collecting a skeleton of a new species of Protosiren (Protosiren sattaensis) in the Drazinda Formation (30°48′N 70°30′E / 30.8°N...
that H. dubius is actually a junior synonym of the primitive sirenian Protosiren minima, while simultaneously coining the genus and species name Pugmeodon...
†Protosirenidae Sickenberg 1934 Genus †Ashokia Bajpai et al. 2009 Genus †Protosiren Abel 1907 Family †Eotheroididae Kretzoi 1941 Genus †Eotheroides Trouessart...