Not to be confused with the bivalve order Protobranchia.
Shells from a variety of prosobranch gastropods, from Ernst Haeckel's Artforms of Nature, 1904.
Prosobranchia was a large taxonomic subclass of sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. This taxon of gastropods dates back to the 1920s. It has however been proven to be polyphyletic (consisting of more than one lineage of descent). Generally speaking in biology taxonomy is required to reflect phylogeny, in other words the classification of a group must reflect its evolutionary descent, as far as that is known, so the taxon Prosobranchia is no longer considered suitable to be used.
One can still encounter this subclass used as if it is still valid in many texts and websites. Although Prosobranchia is no longer generally accepted as a taxon by people who study living Mollusca, still the term prosobranch is legitimately used as an anatomically descriptive adjective or noun, and the taxon Prosobranchia is still sometimes used by paleontologists.
Prosobranch means gills in front (of the heart). In contrast opisthobranch means gills behind (and to the right of the heart). Prosobranchs have their gills, mantle cavity and anus situated in front of their heart. Most prosobranchs have separate sexes.
The majority of marine gastropods are prosobranch, as are a few land snails and freshwater snails. The prosobranch gastropods include the majority of marine snails, among them conches, cones, cowries, limpets, murexes, periwinkles, volutes and whelks, as well as numerous freshwater groups, and some land snails with an operculum.
Prosobranchia was a large taxonomic subclass of sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. This taxon of gastropods dates back to the 1920s. It has...
Opisthobranchia (gills to the right and behind the heart). Gymnomorpha (no shell) Prosobranchia (gills in front of the heart). Pulmonata (with a lung instead of gills)...
Caribbean Sea. Cossignani T. (2018). Volvarina ericmonnieri (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Marginellidae) nuova specie dalla Colombia. Malacologia Mostra Mondiale...
gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae. Schepman, M.M. (1911) The Prosobranchia of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Resultats Siboga-Expeditie, 49, 247-363...
1980. Warén A. (1980) Descriptions of new taxa of Eulimidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia), with notes on some previously described genera. Zoologica Scripta...
Semisulcospira libertina (Gould) (Prosobranchia; Pleuroceridae) and Clithon retropictus (Martens) (Prosobranchia: Neritidae). The Japanese journal of...
Kuroda & Habe 1954, with description of some new species (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Fasciolariidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 134 (2): 129–171. doi:10...
Register of Marine Species. Rolán E. (2007). A new species of Dizoniopsis (Prosobranchia, Cerithiopsidae) from the Gulf of Guinea Islands. Iberus 25(1): 33-36...
1980. Warén A. (1980) Descriptions of new taxa of Eulimidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia), with notes on some previously described genera. Zoologica Scripta...
to "marine-like". All the Tanganyika thalassoids, which are part of Prosobranchia, are endemic to the lake. Initially they were believed to be related...
of Hypermastus Pilsbry, 1899 and Turveria Berry, 1956 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Eulimidae), two genera parasitic on sand dollars. Records of the Australian...
Скадарском језеру... Radoman P. (1985). "Hydrobioidea a superfamily Prosobranchia (Gastropoda), II. Origin, Zoogeography, Evolution in the Balkans and...
Colloniidae. It is also considered to be a member of the now defunct Prosobranchia. It is one of only four known species in its genus. The height of the...
previously called the Streptoneura (meaning twisted nerves), also known as Prosobranchia (meaning gills forward). Specifically, they are characterized by having...
ecology and natural history of Cerithidea californica (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in San Francisco Bay". Veliger 24: 18-27. Sousa W. P. (1983). "Host...
Warén, A. (1980). Descriptions of new taxa of Eulimidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia), with notes on some previously described genera. Zoologica Scripta...
and Tertiary fossils. Sect 1.1 (1866): 1-38. McLean J.H. (1996). The Prosobranchia. In: Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and...
Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista...
p=taxdetails&id=731803 on 2014-01-25 Rolán E. & Swinnen F. (2013) A new species of Gibbula (Prosobranchia, Trochidae) from Angola. Gloria Maris 52(5): 123–127 v t e...
Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista...
Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista...
Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista...
Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista...
Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista...
Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) de cuatro islas del Caribe: Cuba, Curazao, Guadalupe y Martinica. Revista...
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