The proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector device used to measure particles of ionizing radiation. The key feature is its ability to measure the energy of incident radiation, by producing a detector output pulse that is proportional to the radiation energy absorbed by the detector due to an ionizing event; hence the detector's name. It is widely used where energy levels of incident radiation must be known, such as in the discrimination between alpha and beta particles, or accurate measurement of X-ray radiation dose.
Plot of variation of ion pair current against applied voltage for a wire cylinder gaseous radiation detector.
A proportional counter uses a combination of the mechanisms of a Geiger–Müller tube and an ionization chamber, and operates in an intermediate voltage region between these. The accompanying plot shows the proportional counter operating voltage region for a co-axial cylinder arrangement.
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The proportionalcounter is a type of gaseous ionization detector device used to measure particles of ionizing radiation. The key feature is its ability...
A wire chamber or multi-wire proportional chamber is a type of proportionalcounter that detects charged particles and photons and can give positional...
of gaseous ionization detectors are 1) ionization chambers, 2) proportionalcounters, and 3) Geiger–Müller tubes All of these have the same basic design...
A Geiger counter (/ˈɡaɪɡər/, GY-gər; also known as a Geiger–Müller counter or G-M counter) is an electronic instrument used for detecting and measuring...
no data of scientific value. A triple-coincidence omnidirectional proportionalcounter telescope was used to observe protons (with E>75 MeV) and electrons...
A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by using the excitation effect of incident radiation on a scintillating...
with three focal plane instruments: two German Position Sensitive ProportionalCounters (PSPC) and the US-supplied High Resolution Imager (HRI). The X-ray...
capable of ~2 arcsec spatial resolution. The Imaging ProportionalCounter (IPC) was a proportionalcounter covering the entire focal plane. The IPC was sensitive...
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected...
a pulse output as in the cases of the Geiger–Müller tube or the proportionalcounter. Referring to the accompanying ion-pair collection graph, it can...
Concentrator Spectrometer (MECS) High Pressure Gas Scintillation ProportionalCounter (HPGSPC) Phoswich Detector System (PDS) Wide Field Camera (WFC) The...
threshold voltage of the MOSFET. This change in threshold voltage is proportional to radiation dose. Alternate high-k gate dielectrics like hafnium dioxide...
application of an electric field. The Geiger–Müller tube and the proportionalcounter both use a phenomenon known as a Townsend avalanche to multiply the...
can easily measure dose but cannot measure counts. However the Geiger counter can measure counts but not the energy of the radiation, so a technique...
of about −80 °C by thermoelectric cooling. The Large Area X-ray ProportionalCounter (LAXPC) covers X-ray timing and low-resolution spectral studies over...
benzene. Like gas counters, liquid scintillation counters require shielding and anticoincidence counters. For both the gas proportionalcounter and liquid scintillation...
A Coulter counter is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes. The Coulter counter is the commercial term for the technique...
immediately detectable by human senses, so instruments such as Geiger counters are used to detect and measure it. However, very high energy particles...
four scientific instruments: A triple coincidence omnidirectional proportionalcounter telescope to detect solar particles and observe terrestrial trapped...
X-rays (0.8-15 keV), complementary to what the Large Area X-ray ProportionalCounter (LAXPC) does at high energies on AstroSat, while simultaneously providing...
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