"Echo project" redirects here. For the music festival, see The Echo Project.
"Echo 1" redirects here. For other uses, see Echo I (disambiguation).
Echo 1A
Echo 1 sits fully inflated at a Navy hangar in Weeksville, North Carolina.
Names
ECHO 1 NASA A-11
Mission type
Communications
Operator
NASA
Harvard designation
1960 Alpha 11
COSPAR ID
1960-009A
SATCAT no.
00049
Mission duration
7.75 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Bus
ECHO
Manufacturer
Bell Labs
Launch mass
180 kg (400 lb)
Dimensions
30.48 m (100.0 ft) diameter sphere when inflated
Start of mission
Launch date
12 August 1960, 03:39:43 GMT
Rocket
Thor DM-19 Delta (Thor 270 / Delta 2)
Launch site
Cape Canaveral, LC-17A
Contractor
Douglas Aircraft Company
End of mission
Decay date
25 May 1968
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric orbit
Regime
Low Earth orbit
Perigee altitude
1,524 km (947 mi)
Apogee altitude
1,684 km (1,046 mi)
Inclination
47.2°
Period
118.3 minutes
Echo 2
Echo 2
Names
NASA A-12
Mission type
Communications
Operator
NASA
COSPAR ID
1964-004A
SATCAT no.
00740
Mission duration
5.5 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Bus
ECHO
Manufacturer
Bell Labs
Dimensions
41 m (135 ft) diameter sphere when inflated
Start of mission
Launch date
25 January 1964, 13:59:04 GMT
Rocket
Thor-Agena B (Thor 397 / Agena 6301 / TA-2)
Launch site
Vandenberg, LC-75-1-1 (SLC-2E)
Contractor
Douglas Aircraft Company (Thor) Lockheed Martin (Agena)
End of mission
Decay date
7 June 1969
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric orbit
Regime
Low Earth orbit
Perigee altitude
1,029 km (639 mi)
Apogee altitude
1,316 km (818 mi)
Inclination
81.5°
Period
108.95 minutes
Project Echo was the first passive communications satellite experiment. Each of the two American spacecraft, launched in 1960 and 1964, were metalized balloon satellites acting as passive reflectors of microwave signals. Communication signals were transmitted from one location on Earth and bounced off the surface of the satellite to another Earth location.[1]
The first transmissions using Echo were sent from Goldstone, California, to Crawford Hill in Holmdel, New Jersey, on 12 August 1960. The last Echo satellite deorbited and burned up in the atmosphere on 7 June 1969.[2]
^"Echo 1, 1A, 2". Mission and Spacecraft Library. NASA. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Astronautix.com, Echo Archived 2008-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
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Global Information
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
