In cryptography, a private information retrieval (PIR) protocol is a protocol that allows a user to retrieve an item from a server in possession of a database without revealing which item is retrieved. PIR is a weaker version of 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer, where it is also required that the user should not get information about other database items.
One trivial, but very inefficient way to achieve PIR is for the server to send an entire copy of the database to the user. In fact, this is the only possible protocol (in the classical or the quantum setting[1]) that gives the user information theoretic privacy for their query in a single-server setting.[2] There are two ways to address this problem: make the server computationally bounded or assume that there are multiple non-cooperating servers, each having a copy of the database.
The problem was introduced in 1995 by Chor, Goldreich, Kushilevitz and Sudan[2] in the information-theoretic setting and in 1997 by Kushilevitz and Ostrovsky in the computational setting.[3] Since then, very efficient solutions have been discovered. Single database (computationally private) PIR can be achieved with constant (amortized) communication and k-database (information theoretic) PIR can be done with communication.
^Baumeler, Ämin; Broadbent, Anne (17 April 2014). "Quantum Private Information Retrieval has Linear Communication Complexity". Journal of Cryptology. 28: 161–175. arXiv:1304.5490. doi:10.1007/s00145-014-9180-2. S2CID 1450526.
^ abChor, Benny; Kushilevitz, Eyal; Goldreich, Oded; Sudan, Madhu (1 November 1998). "Private information retrieval" (PDF). Journal of the ACM. 45 (6): 965–981. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.51.3663. doi:10.1145/293347.293350. S2CID 544823.
^Kushilevitz, Eyal; Ostrovsky, Rafail (1997). "Replication is not needed: single database, computationally-private information retrieval". Proceedings of the 38th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. Miami Beach, Florida, USA: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 364–373. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.56.2667. doi:10.1109/SFCS.1997.646125. ISBN 978-0-8186-8197-4. S2CID 11000506.
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