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Primary key information


In the relational model of databases, a primary key is a specific choice of a minimal set of attributes (columns) that uniquely specify a tuple (row) in a relation (table).[a][1] Informally, a primary key is "which attributes identify a record," and in simple cases constitute a single attribute: a unique ID. More formally, a primary key is a choice of candidate key (a minimal superkey); any other candidate key is an alternate key.

A primary key may consist of real-world observables, in which case it is called a natural key, while an attribute created to function as a key and not used for identification outside the database is called a surrogate key. For example, for a database of people (of a given nationality), time and location of birth could be a natural key.[b] National identification number is another example of an attribute that may be used as a natural key.


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  1. ^ "Add or change a table's primary key in Access". Microsoft. Retrieved January 20, 2020. A primary key is a field or set of fields with values that are unique throughout a table.

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concerns the concept of a primary key. Entity integrity is an integrity rule which states that every table must have a primary key and that the column or...

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concerned with ensuring that each row of a table has a unique and non-null primary key value; this is the same as saying that each row in a table represents...

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