Presidential Policy Directive 20 (PPD-20), provides a framework for U.S. cybersecurity by establishing principles and processes. Signed by President Barack Obama in October 2012, this directive supersedes National Security Presidential Directive NSPD-38. Integrating cyber tools with those of national security,[1] the directive complements NSPD-54/Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-23.
Classified and unreleased by the National Security Agency (NSA), NSPD-54 was authorized by George W. Bush.[1] It gives the U.S. government power to conduct surveillance[2] through monitoring.[1]
Its existence was made public in June 2013 by former intelligence NSA infrastructure analyst Edward Snowden.
^ abcEPIC. (n.d.). Presidential directives and cybersecurity. EPIC. Retrieved from http://epic.org/privacy/cybersecurity/presidential-directives/cybersecurity.html.
^Electronic Privacy Information Center. (n.d.). EPIC v. NSA - Cybersecurity Authority. EPIC. Retrieved from http://epic.org/privacy/nsa/epic_v_nsa.html.
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