U.S. presidential administration from 1909 to 1913
Presidency of William Howard Taft March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913
Cabinet
See list
Party
Republican
Election
1908
Seat
White House
← Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson →
Seal of the president (1894–1945)
This article is part of a series about
William Howard Taft
Early life
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Bibliography
Legacy
27th President of the United States
Inauguration
Presidency (timeline)
Executive actions
Foreign policy
Taftian theory
Domestic policy
Cabinet
Judiciary
Dollar diplomacy
Income Tax amendment
Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act
Wireless Ship Act of 1910
Mann–Elkins Act
Defense Secrets Act
Radio Act of 1912
Commission on Economy and Efficiency
U.S. occupation of Nicaragua
Presidential campaigns
1908
convention
election
1912
convention
election
10th Chief Justice of the United States
Appointment
Supreme Court cases
Post-presidency
National Historic Site
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The presidency of William Howard Taft began on March 4, 1909, when William Howard Taft was inaugurated as 27th president of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1913. Taft was a Republican from Ohio. The protégé and chosen successor of President Theodore Roosevelt, he took office after easily defeating Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 presidential election. His presidency ended with his defeat in the 1912 election by Democrat Woodrow Wilson.
Taft sought to lower tariffs—a tax on imports—then a major source of governmental income. However he was out-maneuvered. The new Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 raised rates when most people expected reductions. Taft expanded Roosevelt's efforts to break up trusts, launching legal cases against U.S. Steel and other very large companies. Taft made six appointments to the United States Supreme Court, more than all but two other presidents. In foreign affairs, Taft focused on China and Japan, and repeatedly intervened to prop up or remove Latin American governments. It followed a policy of Dollar Diplomacy, using American banking investment to bolster influence in Latin America and China, with little success.
His administration was filled with conflict between the conservative wing of the Republican Party, with which Taft often sympathized, and the progressive wing, led by Theodore Roosevelt and Robert M. La Follette. Controversies over conservation and over antitrust cases filed by the Taft administration served to further separate Taft and Roosevelt. Roosevelt challenged Taft at the 1912 Republican National Convention, but Taft was able to use his control of the party machinery to narrowly win his party's nomination. After the convention, Roosevelt left the party, formed the Progressive Party, and ran against Taft and Wilson in the 1912 election. Roosevelt had already blocked LaFollette's ambitions, so he endorsed Wilson. The deep split among Republicans doomed Taft's re-election, giving Democrats control of the White House for the first time in sixteen years, as well as control of Congress. Historians generally consider Taft to have been an average president.
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