Branch of linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning
This article is about the subfield of linguistics. For the journal, see Pragmatics (journal). For the philosophy topic, see Pragmatism.
Part of a series on
Linguistics
Outline
History
Index
General linguistics
Diachronic
Lexicography
Morphology
Phonology
Pragmatics
Semantics
Syntax
Syntax–semantics interface
Typology
Applied linguistics
Acquisition
Anthropological
Applied
Computational
Conversation analysis
Corpus linguistics
Discourse analysis
Distance
Documentation
Ethnography of communication
Ethnomethodology
Forensic
History of linguistics
Interlinguistics
Neurolinguistics
Philology
Philosophy of language
Phonetics
Psycholinguistics
Sociolinguistics
Text
Translating and interpreting
Writing systems
Theoretical frameworks
Formalist
Constituency
Dependency
Distributionalism
Generative
Glossematics
Functional
Cognitive
Construction grammar
Functional discourse grammar
Grammaticalization
Interactional linguistics
Prague school
Systemic functional
Usage-based
Structuralism
Topics
Autonomy of syntax
Compositionality
Conservative/innovative forms
Descriptivism
Etymology
Iconicity
Internet linguistics
LGBT linguistics
Origin of language
Orthography
Philosophy of linguistics
Prescriptivism
Second-language acquisition
Theory of language
Portal
v
t
e
In linguistics and related fields, pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning. The field of study evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the interpreted.[1] Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The field has been represented since 1986 by the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA).
Pragmatics encompasses phenomena including implicature, speech acts, relevance and conversation,[2] as well as nonverbal communication. Theories of pragmatics go hand-in-hand with theories of semantics, which studies aspects of meaning, and syntax which examines sentence structures, principles, and relationships. The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragmatic competence.[3][4][5] In 1938, Charles Morris first distinguished pragmatics as an independent subfield within semiotics, alongside syntax and semantics.[6] Pragmatics emerged as its own subfield in the 1950s after the pioneering work of J.L. Austin and Paul Grice.[7][8]
^Mey, Jacob L. (2006). "Pragmatics: Overview". In Brown, E. K.; Anderson, Anne (eds.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 51–62. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00306-0. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.
^Mey, Jacob L. (1993) Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell (2nd ed. 2001).
^Kim, Daejin; Hall, Joan Kelly (2002). "The Role of an Interactive Book Reading Program in the Development of Second Language Pragmatic Competence". The Modern Language Journal. 86 (3): 332–348. doi:10.1111/1540-4781.00153. JSTOR 1192847.
^Takimoto, Masahiro (2008). "The Effects of Deductive and Inductive Instruction on the Development of Language Learners' Pragmatic Competence". The Modern Language Journal. 92 (3): 369–386. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00752.x. JSTOR 25173064.
^Koike, Dale April (1989). "Pragmatic Competence and Adult L2 Acquisition: Speech Acts in Interlanguage". The Modern Language Journal. 73 (3): 279–289. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb06364.x. JSTOR 327002.
^Israel, Michael (2011). The grammar of polarity: Pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 10.
^Kroeger, Paul R. (2019-01-12). Analyzing meaning: An introduction to semantics and pragmatics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Language Science Press. pp. 12, 141. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.2538330. ISBN 978-3-96110-136-8.
^Coppock, Elizabeth; Champollion, Lucas (2019). Invitation to formal semantics(PDF) (2019 ed.). p. 37. Retrieved 2020-01-01.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)[verification needed]
in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The field has been represented since 1986 by the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA). Pragmatics encompasses...
"Pragmaticism" is a term used by Charles Sanders Peirce for his pragmatic philosophy starting in 1905, in order to distance himself and it from pragmatism...
Universal pragmatics (UP), more recently placed under the heading of formal pragmatics, is the philosophical study of the necessary conditions for reaching...
A pragmatic sanction is a sovereign's solemn decree on a matter of primary importance and has the force of fundamental law. In the late history of the...
Pragmatic ethics is a theory of normative philosophical ethics and meta-ethics. Ethical pragmatists such as John Dewey believe that some societies have...
The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master is a book about computer programming and software engineering, written by Andrew Hunt and David Thomas...
Pragmatic conservatism is a political ideology which refers to making decisions based on current situations, while maintaining elements of conservative...
The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 (Latin: Sanctio Pragmatica; German: Pragmatische Sanktion) was an edict issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, on 19...
2022. Mey, Jacob L. (1993). Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell (2nd ed. 2001). "Meaning (Semantics and Pragmatics) | Linguistic Society of America"...
Journal of Pragmatics, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Pragmatics, and Language in Society as well as books such as Handbook of Pragmatics, Debating...
neopragmatists: Nicholas Rescher (a proponent of methodological pragmatism and pragmatic idealism), Jürgen Habermas, Susan Haack, Robert Brandom, and Cornel West...
Pragmatic constructivism (PC) is a philosophical framework of how people create, utilise and share intelligence about the world in which they exist, in...
The Pragmatic Army was an army which served during the War of the Austrian Succession. It was formed in 1743 by George II, who was both King of Great...
Noveck, I. A. (2004) Pragmatic Inferences Related to Logical Terms. In Noveck, I. A. & Sperber, D. (ed.), Experimental Pragmatics, Palgrave Macmillan....
The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by King Charles VII of France, on 7 July 1438, required a General Church Council, with authority superior to...
physical or technical world on the other. Pragmatics is concerned with the purpose of communication. Pragmatics links the issue of signs with the context...
experimental pragmatics include irony, metaphor, metonymy, reference, and word-learning. The growing impact of Experimental Pragmatics can be seen through...
The pragmatic maxim, also known as the maxim of pragmatism or the maxim of pragmaticism, is a maxim of logic formulated by Charles Sanders Peirce. Serving...
The Journal of Pragmatics is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the linguistic subfield of pragmatics. It was established in 1977 by Jacob...
Historical pragmatics is the study of linguistic pragmatics over time. Research in historical pragmatics is mainly carried out on written corpora as recordings...
A year is the time taken for astronomical objects to complete one orbit. For example, a year on Earth is the time taken for Earth to revolve around the...
Christine von Weizsäcker reviewed the pragmatics of information; their work is reviewed by Gennert. The pragmatic information content is the information...