List of liberal theorists (contributions to liberal theory)
Philosophers
Milton
Locke
Spinoza
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau
Smith
Kant
Turgot
Burke
Priestley
Paine
Beccaria
Condorcet
Bentham
Korais
De Gouges
Wollstonecraft
Staël
Say
Humboldt
Constant
Ricardo
Guizot
List
Bastiat
Martineau
Emerson
Tocqueville
Mill
Spencer
Arnold
Acton
Weber
Hobhouse
Croce
Cassirer
Mises
Ortega
Keynes
Collingwood
Čapek
Hu
Hayek
Popper
Aron
Berlin
Friedman
Rawls
Sen
Nozick
Kymlicka
Badawi
Politicians
Jefferson
Kołłątaj
Madison
Artigas
Bolívar
Broglie
Lamartine
Macaulay
Kossuth
Deák
Cobden
Mazzini
Juárez
Lincoln
Gladstone
Cavour
Sarmiento
Mommsen
Naoroji
Itagaki
Levski
Kemal
Deakin
Milyukov
Lloyd George
Venizelos
Ståhlberg
Gokhale
Rathenau
Madero
Einaudi
King
Roosevelt
Pearson
Ohlin
Kennedy
Jenkins
Organizations
Africa Liberal Network
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
Arab Liberal Federation
Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
European Democratic Party
European Liberal Youth
International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
International Federation of Liberal Youth
Liberal International
Liberal Network for Latin America
Liberal parties
Liberal South East European Network
Regional variants
Europe
Latin America
Albania
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Hong Kong
Colombia
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Ecuador
Egypt
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Venizelism
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Iran
Israel
Italy
Liberism
Japan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mexico
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
North Macedonia
Norway
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Cracovian
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Senegal
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Cobdenism
Gladstonian
Manchester
Whiggism
United States
Arizona School
Classical
Jeffersonian
Modern
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zimbabwe
Related topics
Anti-authoritarianism
Anti-communism
Bias in American academia
Bias in the media
Capitalism
Democratic
Centrism
Radical centrism
Economic freedom
Egalitarianism
Empiricism
Humanism
Individualism
Anarchist
Land value tax
Libertarianism
Left
Right
Pirate Party
Sexually liberal feminism
Utilitarianism
Liberalism portal
Politics portal
v
t
e
Positive liberty is the possession of the power and resources to act in the context of the structural limitations of the broader society which impacts a person's ability to act, as opposed to negative liberty, which is freedom from external restraint on one's actions.[1][2]
The concepts of structure and agency are central to the concept of positive liberty because in order to be free, a person should be free from inhibitions of the social structure in carrying out their ambitions. Structurally, classism, sexism, ageism, ableism and racism can inhibit a person's freedom. As positive liberty is primarily concerned with the possession of sociological agency, it is enhanced by the ability of citizens to participate in government and have their voices, interests, and concerns recognized and acted upon.
Isaiah Berlin's essay "Two Concepts of Liberty" (1958) is typically acknowledged as the first to explicitly draw the distinction between positive and negative liberty.[3][4]
^Berlin, Isaiah. Four Essays on Liberty. 1969.
^Steven J. Heyman, "Positive and negative liberty." Chicago-Kent Law Review. 68 (1992): 81-90. online
^Eric Nelson, "Liberty: One or Two Concepts Liberty: One Concept Too Many?." Political theory 33.1 (2005): 58-78.
^Bruce Baum and Robert Nichols, (eds.), Isaiah Berlin and the Politics of Freedom: ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’ 50 Years Later, (Routledge, 2013).
Positiveliberty is the possession of the power and resources to act in the context of the structural limitations of the broader society which impacts...
"Positiveliberty... is a valid universal goal. I do not know why I should have been held to doubt this, or, for that matter, the further proposition,...
concerned with freedom from external restraint and contrasts with positiveliberty (the possession of the power and resources to fulfill one's own potential)...
unnecessary interference (negative liberty) and access to opportunities and resources to pursue their goals (positiveliberty), all within a fair legal system...
concepts of positiveliberty and negative liberty. Negative liberty is the absence of external constraints on the individual, while positiveliberty is the...
political body, which Berlin derived from the Hobbesian definition of liberty. 'Positiveliberty' Berlin maintained, could be thought of as self-mastery, which...
liberties and other types of liberty, distinctions exist between positiveliberty/positive rights and negative liberty/negative rights. Many contemporary...
normative aspect Positive law, man-made law (statutes) in contrast with natural law (derived from deities or morality) Positiveliberty, the opportunity...
what others can do to stop them. Liberty rights and claim rights are the inverse of one another: a person has a liberty right permitting him to do something...
political philosophy generally couples the notion of freedom with that of positiveliberty or the enabling of a group or individual to determine their own life...
distinction between "positive freedom" and "negative freedom". In political discourse, political freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy, and...
own consciousness. Supporters of cognitive liberty therefore seek to impose both a negative and a positive obligation on states: to refrain from non-consensually...
either a legal or moral character. The notion of positive and negative rights may also be applied to liberty rights. To take an example involving two parties...
personal liberty except according to procedure established by law." Article 21 confers on every person the fundamental right to life and personal liberty which...
considered major proponents of the idea of freedom of conscience (or "soul liberty" in the words of Williams). Queen Elizabeth I revoked a thought censorship...
from birth by experience and education. This ties into the idea of the liberty and rights of the individual, society as a social contract between rational...
distinction made in political science between positiveliberty and negative liberty. Like "free beer", positiveliberty promises equal access by all without cost...
"Libertinism" in his polemical work "A Free Disputation Against Pretended Liberty of Conscience" (1649). A Satyr Against Reason and Mankind is a poem by...
association is recognized as a human right, a political right and a civil liberty. The terms freedom of assembly and freedom of association may be used to...
Economic freedom, or economic liberty, refers to the agency of people to make economic decisions. This is a term used in economic and policy debates as...
for such include the harm principle, proposed by John Stuart Mill in On Liberty, which suggests that "the only purpose for which power can be rightfully...
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion...
Liberty University (LU), known simply as Liberty, is a private evangelical Christian university in Lynchburg, Virginia. It is affiliated with the Southern...
Insurance Cos. Liberty Mutual created a 2006 television commercial depicting people doing good for others, reporting that the "overwhelming" positive response...
Isaiah Berlin would later term positiveliberty, he was just as "unwavering and unequivocal" in his defense of negative liberty. If Hegel's ideal sovereign...
on action, often enacted through civil and political rights, while positiveliberty is the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment...
v t e Liberty Concepts Cognitive liberty Moral responsibility Personification of Liberty Libertas Negative libertyPositiveliberty Rights Self-ownership...
Latin: libertas, lit. 'freedom') is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom...
Global Information
