Black people have been portrayed in comics since the medium's beginning, with their portrayals often the subject of controversy.[1][2] Mainstream comic publishing companies have had a historical trend of being predominantly white and male, reflecting the lack of representation and inaccurate depictions of Black people in comics.[3] The integration of black characters in mainstream and superhero comics has endured various obstacles and challenges. Critics have noted that black men and women have historically often been portrayed as jungle or ghetto stereotypes, and as sidekicks as opposed to primary characters.[4][5][6] Occiasionally, comic book creators would lampshade stereotypes, lack of representation and emphasize social injustices.[7][8] In recent years, with the integration of more Black people in mainstream comic writing rooms as well as the creation of comics on digital platforms has changed the representation and portrayals of Black people in comics and has started to reflect the complexities of Black people across the diaspora.[2][9]
^"Black Representation in Comics · Spectacular Blackness · WUSTL Digital Gateway Image Collections & Exhibitions".
^ abCollins, Alyssa (January 9, 2017). "When It Ain't Broke: Black Female Representation in Comics". AAIHS. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Brown, Jeffrey (2001). Black Superheroes, Milestone Comics and Their Fans. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. p. 5. ISBN 1578062829.
^Gipson, Grace (2019). "The Power of a Black Superheroine: Exploring Black Female Identities in Comics and Fandom Culture" (PDF). EScholarship.
^Marshall, Laticia (2019). "Representations of Women and Minorities Groups in Comics". San Jose State University ScholarWorks. doi:10.31979/etd.tqqb-445h.
^"Introduction to Superman's Girlfriend Lois Lane: I Am Curious (Black)! · Spectacular Blackness · WUSTL Digital Gateway Image Collections & Exhibitions".
^Chute, Hillary (June 16, 2020). "Superman Returns, to Beat Up the Klan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference :63 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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