Shootings by automatic and semi-automatic weapons,
genocide
Perpetrators
SS Einsatzgruppe Lithuanian Nazi collaborators
Ghetto
Vilnius Ghetto
Victims
~100,000 in total (Lithuanian Jews: 70,000; Poles: 1,500-2,000 Soviets/Russians: 8,000)
Documentation
Nuremberg Trials
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The Ponary massacre (Polish: zbrodnia w Ponarach), or the Paneriai massacre (Lithuanian: Panerių žudynės), was the mass murder of up to 100,000 people, mostly Jews, Poles, and Russians, by German SD and SS and the Lithuanian Ypatingasis būrys killing squads,[1][2][3] during World War II and the Holocaust in the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. The murders took place between July 1941 and August 1944 near the railway station at Ponary (now Paneriai), a suburb of today's Vilnius, Lithuania. 70,000 Jews were murdered at Ponary,[a] along with up to 2,000 Poles,[8] 8,000 Soviet POWs, most of them from nearby Vilnius, and its newly formed Vilna Ghetto.[1][9] Along with 90 LTDF officers who refused to carry orders by the Germans after the Battle of Murowana Oszmianka.[10]
Lithuania became one of the first locations outside occupied Poland in World War II where the Nazis mass murdered Jews as part of the Final Solution.[b] Out of 70,000 Jews living in Vilna according to Snyder, only about 7,000 survived the war.[12] The number of dwellers, estimated by Sedlis, as of June 1941 was 80,000 Jews, or one-half of the city's population.[13] More than two-thirds of them, or at least 50,000 Jews, had been killed before the end of 1941.[14][15]
^ ab
Kazimierz Sakowicz, Yitzhak Arad, Ponary Diary, 1941–1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder, Yale University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-300-10853-2, Google Print.
^
KŚZpNP (2003). "Śledztwo w sprawie masowych zabójstw Polaków w latach 1941–1944 w Ponarach koło Wilna dokonanych przez funkcjonariuszy policji niemieckiej i kolaboracyjnej policji litewskiej" [Investigation of the mass murder of Poles in 1941–1944 at Ponary near Wilno by functionaries of German police and the Lithuanian collaborationist forces]. Documents of the Ongoing Investigation (in Polish). Institute of National Remembrance. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17 – via Internet Archive, 17 October 2007.
^Bubnys, Arūnas (2004). German and Lithuanian Security Police, 1941–44 [Vokiečių ir lietuvių saugumo policija] (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras. Retrieved 9 June 2006.
^
Mendelsohn, Ezra (1993). On Modern Jewish Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-19-508319-9. Also in:
Abley, Mark (2003). Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages. Houghton Mifflin Books. pp. 205, 277–279. ISBN 0-618-23649-X.
^Balkelis (2013), p. 248, 'Red Cross'.
^
Balkelis, Tomas (2013). Omer Bartov; Eric D. Weitz (eds.). Nationalizing the Borderlands. Indiana University Press. pp. 246–252. ISBN 978-0253006318. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^
Niwiński, Piotr (2011). Ponary: the Place of "Human Slaughter" (in Polish, English, and Lithuanian). Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu; Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, Departament Współpracy z Polonią. pp. 25–26.
^Tomkiewicz, Monika (2008). Zbrodnia w Ponarach 1941-1944 (in Polish). Instytut Pamięci Narodowej--Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu. p. 216. ISBN 978-83-60464-91-5.
^
Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1997). Poland's Holocaust. McFarland & Company. p. 168. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3.
^Każdy za swój kraj choruje. Zapomniana bitwa: Murowana Oszmianka - Lithuanian Polish war. Retrieved 2024-04-19 – via www.youtube.com.
^
Miller-Korpi, Katy (1998). The Holocaust in the Baltics. University of Washington, Department papers online. Internet Archive, March 7, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-03-07.
^
Snyder, Timothy (2003). The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999. Yale University Press. pp. 84–89. ISBN 0-300-10586-X – via Google Books, preview.
^
Sedlis, Steven P.; Grodin, Michael A. (2014). "Jewish Medical Resistance in the Holocaust". The Establishment of a Public Health Service in the Vilna Ghetto. Berghahn Books. p. 148. ISBN 978-1782384182.
^
Baumel, Judith Tydor; Laqueur, Walter (2001). The Holocaust Encyclopedia. Yale University Press. p. 254. ISBN 0300138113. Also in: Shapiro, Robert Moses (1999). Holocaust Chronicles: Individualizing the Holocaust Through Diaries and Other Contemporaneous Personal Accounts. KTAV Publishing House. p. 162. ISBN 0881256307.
^
Woolfson, Shivaun (2014). Holocaust Legacy in Post-Soviet Lithuania: People, Places and Objects. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 978-1472522955.
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The Ponarymassacre (Polish: zbrodnia w Ponarach), or the Paneriai massacre (Lithuanian: Panerių žudynės), was the mass murder of up to 100,000 people...
gave testimony on his discussion with Stuckart regarding the Rumbula massacre in 1941 Priemel 2016, p. 105. Hirsch 2020, p. 130. Hirsch 2020, p. 193...
Jews in his apartment, obtained work permits to save Jews from the Ponarymassacre, transferred Jews in Wehrmacht trucks to safer locations, and aided...
1,500 people. In 1945, Abba Kovner, after visiting the site of the Ponarymassacre and the extermination camp at Majdanek, and meeting survivors of Auschwitz...
life and struggles living in the ghetto. He was shot to death in the Ponarymassacre during the liquidation of September–October 1943. His diary was discovered...
German invasion of the Soviet Union: the massacre of Lwów professors, the Ponarymassacre and the Czarny Las massacre; any Nazi actions in Poland meant to...
journalist. A witness to the prolonged Ponarymassacre, he chronicled much of it in his diary, published in English as Ponary Diary, which became one of the best...
over two or more days, such as the massacre at Babi Yar with 33,771 Jews murdered in two days, and the Rumbula massacre (with about 25,000 Jews murdered...
collaborators. Notable execution locations were the Paneriai woods (see Ponarymassacre) and the Ninth Fort. Litvaks have an identifiable mode of pronouncing...
Holocaust Exhibition at the Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum (Vilnius) PonaryMassacre Memorial (Paneriai) Holocaust Memorial in (Šeduva) Ninth Fort Museum...
Adolf Lindenbaum (12 June 1904 – August 1941) was a Polish-Jewish logician and mathematician best known for Lindenbaum's lemma and Lindenbaum–Tarski algebras...
and Stanisław Ruziewicz. Thousands more perished in the Ponarymassacre, the Czarny Las massacre, in the German concentration camps, and in ghettos. The...
other version, written by Jewish poet Rikle Glezer, describes the Ponarymassacre. An additional version from the Warsaw Ghetto makes a direct allusion...
that their relatives who had been taken away had been murdered in the Ponarymassacre and argued that it was best to die fighting. Nobody at that time knew...
of Ponarymassacre, today Lithuania Warsaw (Warschau) Ghetto, site of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Zdzięcioł (Djatlowo) Ghetto, site of Dzyatlava massacre Annopol...
Ypatingasis būrys killing squad, which was largely responsible for the Ponarymassacre where approximately 100,000 people were shot, including 70,000 Jews...
out the prison's involvement in the Holocaust and its role in the Ponarymassacre; denounced Netflix's partnering with local tourism board Go Vilnius...
already killed hundreds of Polish civilians since 1941 (particularly the Ponarymassacre),: 168–169 intensified their operations against the Poles. In April...
carried out at three main groups: in Kaunas (Ninth Fort), in Vilnius (Ponarymassacre), and in countryside (Rollkommando Hamann). In Lithuania, by 1 December...