Class of environmentally polluting organic compounds
See also: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin; Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds; and 1,4-Dioxin
General structure of PCDDs where n and m can range from 0 to 4
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), or simply dioxins, are a group of long-lived polyhalogenated organic compounds that are primarily anthropogenic, and contribute toxic, persistent organic pollution in the environment.[1]
They are commonly but inaccurately referred to as dioxins for simplicity, because every PCDD molecule contains a dibenzo-1,4-dioxin skeletal structure, with 1,4-dioxin as the central ring. Members of the PCDD family bioaccumulate in humans and wildlife because of their lipophilic properties, and may cause developmental disturbances and cancer.
Because dioxins can persist in the environment for more than 100 years, the majority of PCDD pollution today is not the result of recent emissions, but the cumulative result of synthetic processes undertaken since the beginning of the 20th century, including organochloride-related manufacturing, incineration of chlorine-containing substances such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and chlorine bleaching of paper.[2][3] Forest fires and volcanic eruptions have also been cited as an airborne source, although their contribution to the current levels of PCDD accumulation are minor in comparison.[4][5] Incidents of dioxin poisoning resulting from industrial emissions and accidents were first recorded as early as the mid 19th century during the Industrial Revolution.[6]
The word "dioxins" may also refer to other similarly acting chlorinated compounds (see Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds).
^Weber, Roland; Tysklind, Mats; Gaus, Caroline (1 March 2008). "Dioxin - contemporary and future challenges of historical legacies". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 15 (2): 96–100. doi:10.1065/espr2008.01.473. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 18380226. S2CID 36662487.
^Beychok, Milton R. (January 1987). "A data base for dioxin and furan emissions from refuse incinerators". Atmospheric Environment. 21 (1): 29–36. Bibcode:1987AtmEn..21...29B. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90267-8.
^Kjeller, Lars-Owe.; Rappe, Christoffer. (1 February 1995). "Time Trends in Levels, Patterns, and Profiles for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in a Sediment Core from the Baltic Proper". Environmental Science & Technology. 29 (2): 346–355. Bibcode:1995EnST...29..346K. doi:10.1021/es00002a010. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 22201380.
^"Dioxins and their effects on human health". www.who.int. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^Jaspers, Veerle; Megson, David; O’Sullivan, Gwen (1 January 2014), O’Sullivan, Gwen; Sandau, Court (eds.), "Chapter 7 - POPs in the Terrestrial Environment", Environmental Forensics for Persistent Organic Pollutants, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 291–356, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59424-2.00007-4, ISBN 978-0-444-59424-2, retrieved 28 February 2022
^Weber R, Tysklind M, Gaus C (2008). "Dioxin - contemporary and future challenges of historical legacies". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 15 (2): 96–100 (p.97). doi:10.1065/espr2008.01.473. PMID 18380226.
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Polychlorinateddibenzodioxins (PCDDs), or simply dioxins, are a group of long-lived polyhalogenated organic compounds that are primarily anthropogenic...
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