Polyandry in fishes is a mating system where females mate with multiple males within one mating season.[1] This type of mating exists in a variety of animal species.[1] Polyandry has been found in both oviparous and viviparous bony fishes and sharks.[2] General examples of polyandry occur in fish species, such as green swordtails[1] and Trinidadian guppies.[3] Specific types of polyandry have also been classified, such as classical polyandry in pipefish[4] cooperative polyandry in cichlids[5] and convenience polyandry in sharks.[6]
^ abcSimmons, L. W., Beveridge, M. & Evans, J. P. Molecular evidence for multiple paternity in a feral population of green swordtails. The Journal of heredity 99, 610–5 (2008).
^Portnoy, D. S., Piercy, A. N., Musick, J. a, Burgess, G. H. & Graves, J. E. Genetic polyandry and sexual conflict in the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Molecular ecology 16, 187–97 (2007).
^Barbosa, M., Dornelas, M. & Magurran, a E. Effects of polyandry on male phenotypic diversity. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23, 2442–52 (2010).
^Coleman, S. W. & Jones, A. G. Patterns of multiple paternity and maternity in fishes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 103, 735–760 (2011).
^Avise, J. C., Jones, A. G., Walker, D. & DeWoody, J. A. Genetic mating systems and reproductive natural histories of fishes: lessons for ecology and evolution. Annual Review of Genetics 36, 19–45 (2002).
^Griffiths, A. M. et al. First analysis of multiple paternity in an oviparous shark, the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). The Journal of heredity 103, 166–73 (2012).
Polyandryinfishes is a mating system where females mate with multiple males within one mating season. This type of mating exists in a variety of animal...
dunnocks, insects such as honeybees, and fish such as pipefish. It is theorized that polyandry is more prevalent in organisms where incompatibility is more...
Polyandry (/ˈpɒliˌændri, ˌpɒliˈæn-/; from Ancient Greek πολύ (polú) 'many', and ἀνήρ (anḗr) 'man') is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or...
A fish (pl.: fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits...
Common names of fish can refer to a single species; to an entire group of species, such as a genus or family; or to multiple unrelated species or groups...
Fish gills are organs that allow fish to breathe underwater. Most fish exchange gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide using gills that are protected under...
Fish reproductive organs include testes and ovaries. In most species, gonads are paired organs of similar size, which can be partially or totally fused...
Juvenile fishFish go through various life stages between fertilization and adulthood. The life of fish start as spawned eggs which hatch into immotile...
Fish farming or pisciculture involves commercial breeding of fish, most often for food, infish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It...
Fish migration is mass relocation by fish from one area or body of water to another. Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging...
hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than 60 cm (24 in) in length and...
Fish vary greatly in size. The whale shark and basking shark exceed all other fish by a considerable margin in weight and length. Fish are a paraphyletic...
An electric fish is any fish that can generate electric fields. Most electric fish are also electroreceptive, meaning that they can sense electric fields...
fluid of fish, mollusks, and certain other water-dwelling animals which reproduce by spraying this fluid, which contains the sperm, onto roe (fish eggs)...
marine ray-finned fishin the order Beloniformes, known colloquially as flying fish or flying cod. About 64 species are grouped in seven genera. While...
Oily fish are fish species with oil (fats) in soft tissues and in the coelomic cavity around the gut. Their fillets may contain up to 30% oil, although...
family, Labridae, of marine fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided...
A fish scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of the skin of a fish. The skin of most jawed fishes is covered with these protective scales, which...
schooling In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated...
fish, sport fish or quarry refer to popular fish species pursued by recreational fishers (typically anglers), and can be freshwater or saltwater fish...
Prehistoric fish are early fish that are known only from fossil records. They are the earliest known vertebrates, and include the first and extinct fish that...
The world's smallest fish depends on the measurement used. Based on minimum standard length at maturity the main contenders are Paedocypris progenetica...
Cleaner fish are fish that show a specialist feeding strategy by providing a service to other species, referred to as clients, by removing dead skin,...
study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the...
Vision is an important sensory system for most species of fish. Fish eyes are similar to the eyes of terrestrial vertebrates like birds and mammals, but...
Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish that feed on plankton and other tiny organisms. They are preyed on by larger predators...
Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters—being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore—in contrast with demersal fish that live...