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Politics of Hungary
Magyarország politikája
Coat of arms of Hungary
Polity type
Unitary parliamentary republic
Hybrid regime
Constitution
Constitution of Hungary (2011)
Formation
23 October 1989 (Third Hungarian Republic)1 January 2012 (current constitution entered into force)
Legislative branch
Name
National Assembly
Type
Unicameral
Meeting place
Hungarian Parliament Building
Presiding officer
László Kövér, President of the National Assembly of Hungary
The politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The prime minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the president is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position. The country is "no longer a full democracy" according to the EU.
Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The party system since the last elections has been dominated by the conservative Fidesz. The three larger oppositions are Democratic Coalition (DK), Momentum and Jobbik; there are also opposition parties with a small fraction in parliament (e.g. Politics Can Be Different). The judiciary is theoretically independent of the executive and the legislature, but in practice is strongly influenced by the ruling Fidesz Party.[1]
Hungary is an independent state, which has been a member of the European Union since 2004. Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic. Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral National Assembly that consists of 199 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Hungary a "flawed democracy" in 2023, ranking 50th globally, the fourth-lowest in the EU.[2] Freedom House no longer considers Hungary a full democracy, awarding a score of 66/100.[3]
In the April 2022 election, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán won a fourth consecutive term in office. His party, Fidesz, secured another two-thirds majority in parliament.[4]
^"Hungary: Status of the Hungarian Judiciary – Legal Changes have to Guarantee the Independence of Judiciary in Hungary".
^"Democracy Index 2023". Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
^"Freedom in the World 2023". FreedomHouse.org. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
^Dougall, David Mac; Palfi, Rita (3 April 2022). "Key Takeaways as Viktor Orbán Wins Fourth Consecutive Term". Euronews. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
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