Life cycle of the Polish cochineal in Breyne's Historia naturalis Cocci Radicum... (1731)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Hemiptera
Suborder:
Sternorrhyncha
Family:
Margarodidae
Genus:
Porphyrophora
Species:
P. polonica
Binomial name
Porphyrophora polonica
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Area where the Polish cochineal was found in commercial quantities[1]
Synonyms [2]
Coccus polonicus Linnaeus, 1758
Coccus radicum Beckmann, 1790
Coccionella polonica Hahnemann, 1793
Porphyrophora frischii Brandt, 1835
Porphyrophora fritchii Signoret, 1869
Margarodes polonicus Cockerell, 1902
Polish cochineal (Porphyrophora polonica, Margarodes polonicus), also known as Polish carmine scales (Polish: czerwiec polski), is a scale insect formerly used to produce a crimson dye of the same name, colloquially known as "Saint John's blood". The larvae of P. polonica are sessile parasites living on the roots of various herbs – especially those of the perennial knawel (Polish: czerwiec trwały) – growing on the sandy soils of Central Europe and other parts of Eurasia. Before the development of aniline, alizarin, and other synthetic dyes, the insect was of great economic importance, although its use was in decline after the introduction of Mexican cochineal to Europe in the 16th century. Historically earlier was used Armenian cochineal scale insect, Porphyrophora hamelii, which is in a same taxonomic family Porphyrophora of the Polish cochineal and in different taxonomic family from cochineal found in the Americas.
^
Mushak, Paul (June–July 1988). "The Use of Insect Dyes in Oriental Rugs and Textiles: Some Unresolved Issues". Oriental Rug Review. VIII (5). Ron O'Callaghan. Archived from the original on 2013-07-01.
^All synonyms from "uBio Project". The Marine Biological Laboratory. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
Polishcochineal (Porphyrophora polonica, Margarodes polonicus), also known as Polish carmine scales (Polish: czerwiec polski), is a scale insect formerly...
The cochineal (/ˌkɒtʃɪˈniːl, ˈkɒtʃɪniːl/ KOTCH-ih-NEEL, -neel, US also /ˌkoʊtʃɪˈniːl, ˈkoʊtʃɪniːl/ KOH-chih-; Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in...
The Armenian cochineal (Porphyrophora hamelii), also known as the Ararat cochineal or Ararat scale, is a scale insect indigenous to the Ararat plain and...
Carmine (/ˈkɑːrmən, ˈkɑːrmaɪn/) – also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake –...
occurs naturally in some scale insects, such as the cochineal, Armenian cochineal, and Polishcochineal. The insects produce the acid as a deterrent to predators...
harvested Polishcochineal, although imported alternatives were also available: kermes from the Mediterranean Basin (hence karmazyn, the Polish name of...
produce the same effect as cochineal. Carmine is the name given to the dye made from the dried bodies of the female cochineal, although the name crimson...
melissa samuelis) takes nectar from common cinquefoil (P. simplex). The Polishcochineal (Porphyrophora polonica), a scale insect once used to produce red dye...
insects Polishcochineal and Armenian cochineal formerly used in dye production. Wolfe, D.; Baker, H. (1766). "A farther account of the Polishcochineal". Philosophical...
used to be economically significant as the major host plant of the Polishcochineal. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived...
insects Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) of the Caucasus region, Porphyrophora polonica (Polishcochineal or Saint John's blood) of Eastern Europe...
Solutions of binders and pigments are called pigment dyes. PolishcochinealPolishcochineal or Polish grains is a crimson dye colloquially known as "Saint...
and leaves of the oak tree. For those with even more money there was PolishCochineal; also known as Kermes vermilio or "Blood of Saint John", which was...
under proper husbandry. Some, such as the cochineal, kermes, lac, Armenian cochineal, and Polishcochineal, have been used to produce red dyes for coloring...
superfamily Coccoidea. Members of the family include the Polishcochineal and Armenian cochineal (genus Porphyrophora) and the original ground pearl genus...
scale insects such as the Cochineal scale Coccus cacti, and certain Porphyrophora species (Armenian and Polishcochineal). Cochineal dye, the so-called "laq"...
Physiology. Antoni Władysław Jakubski Czerwiec polski "Polishcochineal". Monograph on the Polishcochineal. 1935 Gerhard Schrader discovers the powerful insecticides...
Czerwiec polski ["Polishcochineal"], 1934 – a monograph on the Polishcochineal Bibliografia fauny polskiej do roku 1880 ["Bibliography of Polish fauna until...
1764) was a German-Polish botanist, palaeontologist, zoologist and entomologist. He is best known for his work on the Polishcochineal (Porphyrophora polonica)...
scale insects such as the Cochineal scale Coccus cacti, and certain Porphyrophora species (Armenian and Polishcochineal). Cochineal dye, the so-called "laq"...
Polabian) or names which are borrowed from the Gregorian calendar (particularly Polish and Kashubian), but they have been included here nonetheless. In the Latvian...
Global Information
