The Polemoniaceae (Jacob's-ladder or phlox family) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 27 genera[2] with 270–400 species of annuals and perennials native to the Northern Hemisphere and South America, with the center of diversity in western North America.
Only one genus (Polemonium) is found in Europe, and two (Phlox and Polemonium) in Asia, where they are confined to cool temperate to arctic regions; both genera also occur more widely in North America, suggesting relatively recent colonization of the Old World from North America.
The family can be distinguished from most other eudicot families by the ovary made up of three fused carpels (usually with three chambers, but with one chamber in some species).[3] The members of the family have five sepals, five petals fused, and five stamens that alternate with the lobes of the corolla.
For decades, most sources used a classification of the family published by Grant in 1959, but new evidence, including molecular phylogeny, veins of the corolla, pollen, and the flavonoids present, have led to reclassifications, such as the 1998 classification by Grant.[3] It recognizes two subfamilies. The subfamily Cobaeoideae is tropical/subtropical and composed of six genera organized into five tribes. The subfamily Polemonioideae consists of 13 temperate genera. Grant divides it into three tribes, but with the disclaimer that it is not clear what the correct division is and that the genus classifications may be more useful in this subfamily.[3]
^Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
^ abPolemoniaceae Juss. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
^ abcGrant, Verne (1998), "Primary Classification and Phylogeny of the Polemoniaceae, with Comments on Molecular Cladistics", American Journal of Botany, 85 (6): 741–752, doi:10.2307/2446408, JSTOR 2446408, PMID 21684957
The Polemoniaceae (Jacob's-ladder or phlox family) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 27 genera with 270–400 species of annuals and...
pink or mountain phlox, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to eastern and central USA, and widely cultivated. The odor...
phlox or moss phlox) is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that is native to the eastern United...
Phlox paniculata is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae). It is native to parts of the eastern and central United States. It...
Drummond's phlox) is a flowering plant in the genus Phlox of the family Polemoniaceae. Native to Texas, it is also widely distributed in the southeastern...
aggregata is a species of biennial flowering plant in the phlox family, Polemoniaceae, commonly known as scarlet trumpet,[citation needed] scarlet gilia,...
or wild sweet william, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to forests and fields in eastern North America. The species...
downy phlox or prairie phlox, is an herbaceous plant in the family Polemoniaceae. It is native to eastern North America, where it is found in open areas...
tricolor gilia) is an annual flowering plant in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae). It is native to the Central Valley and foothills of the Sierra Nevada...
grandiflora is a western North American annual plant in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae), known by the common names grand collomia, large-flowered mountain...
Lamiales) Family Menyanthaceae (now placed in order Asterales) Family Polemoniaceae (now placed in order Ericales) Family Hydrophyllaceae (now treated as...
a genus of 68 species of perennial and annual plants in the family Polemoniaceae. They are found mostly in North America (one in Siberia) in diverse...
temperate regions of Europe. It is the type species of the phlox family, Polemoniaceae. The plant usually reaches 45–60 cm (18–24 in) tall and broad, but some...
for Ipomopsis rubra (standing-cypress)". usda.gov. "Ipomopsis rubra (Polemoniaceae): Distribution and habitat" (PDF). "PlantFiles: Detailed information...
genus of between 25 and 40 species of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae, native to cool temperate to arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere...
Ipomopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the phlox family, Polemoniaceae. The annual and perennial herbs it contains are native to the Americas, particularly...
or wideflower phlox, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to the eastern United States. A creeping perennial found in...
Marcgraviaceae Family Mitrastemonaceae Family Pentaphylacaceae Family Polemoniaceae (phlox family) Family Primulaceae (primrose and snowbell family) Family...
from the families Apocynaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae, Polemoniaceae, and Rosaceae. Males participate in a behavior known as puddling, in...
Global Information
