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Planar Riemann surface information


In mathematics, a planar Riemann surface (or schlichtartig Riemann surface) is a Riemann surface sharing the topological properties of a connected open subset of the Riemann sphere. They are characterized by the topological property that the complement of every closed Jordan curve in the Riemann surface has two connected components. An equivalent characterization is the differential geometric property that every closed differential 1-form of compact support is exact. Every simply connected Riemann surface is planar. The class of planar Riemann surfaces was studied by Koebe who proved in 1910, as a generalization of the uniformization theorem, that every such surface is conformally equivalent to either the Riemann sphere or the complex plane with slits parallel to the real axis removed.

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Planar Riemann surface

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In mathematics, a planar Riemann surface (or schlichtartig Riemann surface) is a Riemann surface sharing the topological properties of a connected open...

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Differential forms on a Riemann surface

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to prove the uniformization theorem and its generalization to planar Riemann surfaces. Later they supplied the analytic foundations for the harmonic...

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List of things named after Bernhard Riemann

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Riemann matrix Riemann operator Riemann singularity theorem Riemann-Kempf singularity theorem Riemann surface Compact Riemann surface Planar Riemann surface...

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Riemann mapping theorem

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In complex analysis, the Riemann mapping theorem states that if U {\displaystyle U} is a non-empty simply connected open subset of the complex number...

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Differential geometry of surfaces

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spaces by Riemann and led to what is known today as Riemannian geometry. The nineteenth century was the golden age for the theory of surfaces, from both...

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Klein quartic

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geometry, the Klein quartic, named after Felix Klein, is a compact Riemann surface of genus 3 with the highest possible order automorphism group for this...

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Heptagonal tiling

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whose symmetry group equals their automorphism group as Riemann surfaces. The smallest Hurwitz surface is the Klein quartic (genus 3, automorphism group of...

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Lebesgue integration

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of the rectangle and d − c is the height of the rectangle. Riemann could only use planar rectangles to approximate the area under the curve, because...

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Polyhedron

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or the empty set and so that their union is a manifold. If a planar part of such a surface is not itself a convex polygon, O'Rourke requires it to be subdivided...

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Paul Koebe

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numbers, his most important results being on the uniformization of Riemann surfaces in a series of four papers in 1907–1909. He did his thesis at Berlin...

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Geometry

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area of study in the work of Bernhard Riemann in his study of Riemann surfaces. Work in the spirit of Riemann was carried out by the Italian school of...

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Euler characteristic

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face of the polyhedral surface. By pulling the edges of the missing face away from each other, deform all the rest into a planar graph of points and curves...

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Hearing the shape of a drum

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a result of Osgood, Phillips, and Sarnak that the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of a given genus does not admit a continuous isospectral flow through...

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Klein bottle

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× S 1 . {\displaystyle D^{2}\times S^{1}.} A Klein surface is, as for Riemann surfaces, a surface with an atlas allowing the transition maps to be composed...

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Sphere

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Many theorems relating to planar conic sections also extend to spherical conics. If a sphere is intersected by another surface, there may be more complicated...

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Circle packing theorem

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circle packing is a connected collection of circles (in general, on any Riemann surface) whose interiors are disjoint. The intersection graph of a circle packing...

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Carl Wolfgang Benjamin Goldschmidt

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determining the minimal surface of revolution, the surface of revolution of the planar curve between two given points which minimizes surface area. Solutions...

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List of unsolved problems in mathematics

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conjecture Hodge conjecture Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness P versus NP Riemann hypothesis Yang–Mills existence and mass gap The seventh problem, the Poincaré...

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Gaussian curvature

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flat plane has constant curvature 0, these two surfaces are not isometric, not even locally. Thus any planar representation of even a small part of a sphere...

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Spherical geometry

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Greek σφαιρικά) is the geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere or the n-dimensional surface of higher dimensional spheres. Long studied for its...

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List of things named after Leonhard Euler

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products with a finite continued fraction Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function. Euler–Maclaurin formula (Euler's summation formula) relating...

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Hyperbolic geometry

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geometer Nikolai Lobachevsky. This page is mainly about the 2-dimensional (planar) hyperbolic geometry and the differences and similarities between Euclidean...

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