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Pituriaspida information


Pituriaspida
Temporal range: 393.3–382.7 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
 Middle Devonian
Reconstruction of Neeyambaspis enigmatica and Pituriaspis doylei.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: †Pituriaspida
Young 1991
Order: †Pituriaspidiformes
Family: †Pituriaspididae
Genera
  • †Pituriaspis
  • †Neeyambaspis
Synonyms
  • Neeyambaspididae Davis 1994
The mouth, gill openings and presumably the nasal aperture were all situated on the ventral side of the head. Well-developed paired fins attached on either sides of the headshield. The only diagnostic feature of pituriaspids is an enigmatic pit adjacent to the eyes. – Philippe Janvier

The Pituriaspida ('Pituri-shield' or 'hallucinogen-shield') are a small group of extinct armored jawless fishes with tremendous nose-like rostrums, which lived in the marine, deltaic environments of Middle Devonian Australia (about 393.3—382.7 Ma). They are known only by two species, Pituriaspis doylei and Neeyambaspis enigmatica found in a single sandstone location of the Georgina Basin, in Western Queensland, Australia.

"Pituriaspida" is often translated as 'hallucinogenic shield.' Pituri is a hallucinogenic drug, made from the leaves of the Corkwood Tree and Acacia ash, and used by local Aborigine shamans for vision quests. The pituriaspids' discoverer, Dr Gavin Young, named Pituriaspis after the drug because, upon examining the first specimens, he suspected he was hallucinating (Long, p 59). The better studied species - Pituriaspis doylei, which had a superficial resemblance to the Osteostraci, had an elongate headshield, that, coupled with its spear-like rostrum, gave it a throwing-dart-like appearance. Neeyambaspis enigmatica had a much smaller and shorter rostrum, and a more triangular headshield, making it look as though it were a guitar pick with a tail.

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Pituriaspida

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The Pituriaspida ('Pituri-shield' or 'hallucinogen-shield') are a small group of extinct armored jawless fishes with tremendous nose-like rostrums, which...

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Taxonomy of fish

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Cephalaspidomorphi

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Eugeneodontida

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Timeline of the evolutionary history of life

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appear. 440 Ma First agnathan fishes: Heterostraci, Galeaspida, and Pituriaspida. 420 Ma Earliest ray-finned fishes, trigonotarbid arachnids, and land...

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Coelacanth

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Timeline of fish evolution

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across Middle to Late Devonian strata across every continent. Pituriaspida Pituriaspida (hallucinogenic shield) is a class containing two bizarre species...

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Lancelet

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Pituriaspis

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doylei is one of two known species of jawless fish belonging to the Class Pituriaspida, and is the better known of the two. The species lived in estuaries during...

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Acanthodii

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Snailfish

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Ostracoderm

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the closer similarity of the morphology of the braincase. †Pituriaspida (extinct) Pituriaspida ('pituri-shields') are a small group of extinct armoured...

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Lists of prehistoric fish

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Agnatha

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Undisputed subgroups traditionally contained with Cephaloaspidomorphi, also called "Monorhina", include the classes Osteostraci, Galeaspida, and Pituriaspida...

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Evolution of fish

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?†Pituriaspida (armoured jawless fish with large rostrums) †Osteostraci (bony armoured jawless fish with heads covered with a bony shield) Jawed vertebrates...

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Conodont

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Gnathostomata

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Cyclostomi

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Holocephali

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