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Indigenous people of Chile
The Picunche (a Mapudungun word meaning "North People"),[1] also referred to as picones by the Spanish, were a Mapudungun-speaking people living to the north of the Mapuches or Araucanians (a name given to those Mapuche living between the Itata and Toltén rivers) and south of the Choapa River and the Diaguitas. Until the Conquest of Chile the Itata was the natural limit between the Mapuche, located to the south, and Picunche, to the north. During the Inca attempt to conquer Chile the southern Picunche peoples that successfully resisted them were later known as the Promaucaes.
The Picunche living north of the Promaucaes were called Quillotanes[2] (those living in the Aconcagua River valley north to the Choapa) and Mapochoes (those living in the Maipo River basin) by the Spanish, and were part of the Inca Empire at the time when the first Spaniards arrived in Chile.
Among the peoples the Spanish called the Promaucaes, the people of the Rapel River valley were particularly called by this name by the Spanish.[3] Those of the Mataquito River valley were called the Cures.[3] The people in the Maule River valley and to the south were distinguished as Maules and those to the south of the Maules and north of the Itata were known as Cauqui by the Inca[4] and Cauquenes by the Spanish[3] and that gave their name to Cauquenes River.
They did not survive as a separate society into the present day, because of a general population decline and having been absorbed into the general Chilean population during the colonial period.
The indigenous Picunche disappeared by a process of mestizaje by gradually abandoning their villages (pueblo de indios) to settle in nearby Spanish haciendas. There Picunches mingled with disparate indigenous peoples brought in from Araucanía (Mapuche), Chiloé (Huilliche, Cunco, Chono, Poyas[5]) and Cuyo (Huarpe[6]).[7] Few in numbers, disconnected from their ancestral lands and diluted by mestizaje the Picunche and their descendants lost their indigenous identity.[7]
Distribution of pre-Hispanic people of Chile
^Elliott, Lilian Elwyn (1922). Chile Today and Tomorrow. Macmillan. p. 312. Picunche -wikipedia people.
^Juan Ignacio Molina, Compendio de la historia civil del reyno de Chile, pg. 9. Named for Quillota, one of the settlements of the Inca Empire in Chile.
^ abcJuan Ignacio Molina, Compendio de la historia civil del reyno de Chile, pg. 9.
^Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Comentarios reales, 2da_VII_20 20
^Urbina Burgos, Rodolfo (2007). "El pueblo chono: de vagabundo y pagano a cristiano y sedentario mestizado". Orbis incognitvs: avisos y legados del Nuevo Mundo(PDF) (in Spanish). Huelva: Universidad de Huelva. pp. 325–346. ISBN 9788496826243.
^Villalobos et al. 1974, pp. 166–170.
^ ab"Migraciones locales y asentamiento indígena en las estancias españolas de Chile central, 1580-1650". Historia (in Spanish). 49 (1). 2016. doi:10.4067/S0717-71942016000100004.
The Picunche (a Mapudungun word meaning "North People"), also referred to as picones by the Spanish, were a Mapudungun-speaking people living to the north...
known for its textiles and silverwork. At the time of Spanish arrival, the Picunche inhabited the valleys between the Choapa and Itata, Araucanian Mapuche...
classification of Araucanian languages by Mason (1950): Araucanian North Picunche Mapuche Pewenche Rankel(che) Moluche South Wiliche (Huilliche) Wiliche...
called the valley of the Aconcagua Chili by corruption of the name of a Picunche tribal chief (cacique) called Tili, who ruled the area at the time of the...
Itata was the natural limit between the Mapuche, located to the south, and Picunche, to the north.[citation needed] Itata List of rivers in Chile (December...
spoke Mapudungun, like the Moluche to the south, and were part of the Picunche tribe that lived north of the Itata River. The Inca referred to all the...
1500 – c. 1550) (lonco meaning "head" or "chief" in Mapudungun) was a Picunche chief said to be a great warrior, born in the Aconcagua Valley and educated...
Spanish forces met in the field, and from a member of the local ethnos, the Picunche, they learned the disposition of Lautaro's camp. At dawn, on April 29,...
potatoes, and beans and domesticated camelids. The villages belonging to the Picunches (as referred to by Chileans) or Promaucae people (as referred to by the...
in Chile after the Mapuche resistance to the conquest. The indigenous Picunche population of Central Chile disappeared by a process of mestizaje by gradually...
social organization of the Mapuche, Mapuche-Huilliche and the extinct Picunche peoples, consisting of a familial clan or lineage that recognizes the authority...
confrontation between Spanish conquistadors and a coalition of Mapuche -Picunche tribes. The execution of Solier and his companions, who had started a rebellion...
of the country, as well as many other groups such as Caucahue, Chango, Picunche, Chono, Tehuelche, Cunco and Selk'nam (Ona). Before the Spanish arrived...
indigenous cultures in Chile at the time of the arrival of the Spanish. Picunche, Mapuche, Huilliche and Cunco are all part of the Mapuche macro-ethic group...
500-600 BC. It is also noteworthy, that while collectively the Mapuche (Picunche, Huilliche and Moluche or Nguluche) use this endonym, there are often subsets...
Araucanization made their language the common spoken language in the region. Picunche Willem F. H. Adelaar, Pieter Muysken, The Languages of the Andes, Published...
Lafquenche, Araucanía, Chile Pehuenche, south central Chile and Argentina Picunche, formerly Central Chile Promaucae, formerly Central Chile Mbeguá (extinct)...
south central zone of Chile. The Rancagua Valley was occupied by the local Picunche. They fell briefly under the control of the Inca Empire in the 15th century...
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