In classical antiquity, Phrygia (/ˈfrɪdʒiə/FRIJ-ee-ə; Phrygian: 𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌,[6] romanized: Gordum; Ancient Greek: Φρυγία, Phrygía) was a kingdom in the west-central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River. After its conquest, it became a region of the great empires of the time.
Stories of the heroic age of Greek mythology tell of several legendary Phrygian kings:
Gordias, whose Gordian Knot would later be cut by Alexander the Great
Midas, who turned whatever he touched to gold
Mygdon, who warred with the Amazons
According to Homer's Iliad, the Phrygians participated in the Trojan War as close allies of the Trojans, fighting against the Achaeans. Phrygian power reached its peak in the late 8th century BC under another historical king, Midas, who dominated most of western and central Anatolia and rivaled Assyria and Urartu for power in eastern Anatolia. This later Midas was, however, also the last independent king of Phrygia before Cimmerians sacked the Phrygian capital, Gordium, around 695 BC. Phrygia then became subject to Lydia, and then successively to Persia, Alexander and his Hellenistic successors, Pergamon, the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. Over this time Phrygians became Christian and Greek-speaking, assimilating into the Byzantine state; after the Turkish conquest of Byzantine Anatolia in the late Middle Ages, the name "Phrygia" passed out of usage as a territorial designation.
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^Rose, C. Brian; Darbyshire, Gareth, eds. (2011). The New Chronology of Iron Age Gordion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum.
^Liebhart, Richard; Darbyshire, Gareth; Erder, Evin; Marsh, Ben (2016). "A Fresh Look at the Tumuli of Gordion". In Henry, Olivier; Kelp, Ute (eds.). Tumulus as Sema: Space, Politics, Culture and Religion in the First Millennium BC. De Gruyter. pp. 627–636.
^Sulimirski & Taylor 1991, p. 559. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSulimirskiTaylor1991 (help)
^Ivantchik 1993, p. 57-94. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIvantchik1993 (help)
^Olbrycht 2000a. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOlbrycht2000a (help)
^Obrador Cursach, Bartomeu (2018). Lexicon of the Phrygian Inscriptions(PDF). Doctoral dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona. pp. 31–50. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
In classical antiquity, Phrygia (/ˈfrɪdʒiə/ FRIJ-ee-ə; Phrygian: 𐊩𐌏𐌛𐊅𐊄𐌌, romanized: Gordum; Ancient Greek: Φρυγία, Phrygía) was a kingdom in the west-central...
"Lesser Phrygia" or (Ancient Greek: μικρὰ Φρυγία, romanized: mikra Phrygia; Latin: Phrygia Minor), while the southern was called "Greater Phrygia" or "Pergamene...
Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) was the name of a king in Phrygia with whom many myths became associated, as well as two later members of the Phrygian...
Ancient Greek legend associated with Alexander the Great in Gordium in Phrygia, regarding a complex knot that tied an oxcart. Reputedly, whoever could...
location was centred upon the remarkable and copious hot springs in classical Phrygia in southwestern Anatolia. Its extensive remains are adjacent to modern...
The regent honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia) is a critically endangered bird endemic to southeastern Australia. It is commonly considered a flagship species...
regions, and formerly on the border of Pisidia and Phrygia, hence also known as Antiochia in Phrygia. The site lies approximately 1 km northeast of Yalvaç...
Centaurea phrygia, commonly called wig knapweed, is a species of Centaurea. It is native to Europe. Koutecký, Petr (2007-03-01). "Morphological and ploidy...
shortly after the Trojan War, happened much earlier, and in many stages. Phrygia developed an advanced Bronze Age culture. The earliest traditions of Greek...
The Cimmerian invasion of Phrygia occurred in the 7th century B.C. Around 696, the Cimmerian people invaded Phrygia with help of the King of Urartu, Rusa...
Saint Ariadne of Phrygia (Greek: Άριάδνη; died 130 AD) is a 2nd-century Christian saint and martyr. Ariadna was a slave woman to a certain Tertullus in...
In Greek mythology, Dymas (Ancient Greek: Δύμας, romanized: Dýmas) was a Phrygian king. The father of Dymas was given as one Eioneus, son of Proteus, by...
Seleucid Empire. Antiochus the Great sent 2,000 Jewish families to Lydia and Phrygia from Babylon and Mesopotamia, later joined by more from Judea. The Jewish...
part in Alexander's invasion of Achaemenid Persia and was named satrap of Phrygia. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, he also received Pamphylia and Lycia...
1450–350 BC Assuwa 1300–1250 BC Diauehi 1200–800 BC Neo-Hittites 1200–800 BC Phrygia 1200–700 BC Caria 1150–547 BC Tuwanuwa 1000–700 BC Ionia 1000–545 BC Urartu...
the ancient regions of Lycaonia, Pisidia, Isauria, as well as most of Phrygia and parts of Galatia Salutaris. Initially, the Anatolic Theme included...
may refer to two distinct characters: Coroebus, son of King Mygdon of Phrygia is a character of Greek legend. He came to the aid of Troy during the Trojan...
Colossae (/kəˈlɒsi/; Greek: Κολοσσαί) was an ancient city of Phrygia in Asia Minor, and one of the most celebrated cities of southern Anatolia (modern...
mythology, King Mygdon (Ancient Greek: Μύγδων in Greek; gen.: Μύγδονος) of Phrygia, was a son of Acmon and father of Coroebus by his wife Anaximene. Mygdon...
Dares Phrygius (Ancient Greek: Δάρης), according to Homer, was a Trojan priest of Hephaestus. He was later thought to have been the author of an account...
soldier and statesman, and Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. He was the son of Pharnaces II of Phrygia and grandson of Pharnabazus I, and great-grandson...
Persicula phrygia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Cystiscidae. MolluscaBase (2018). Persicula phrygia (Sowerby II...
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