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A print made in 1907 from a photoengraved plate. It reproduces a sketch of Parga's castle made by Ludwig Salvator.
Photoengraving is a process that uses a light-sensitive photoresist applied to the surface to be engraved to create a mask that protects some areas during a subsequent operation which etches, dissolves, or otherwise removes some or all of the material from the unshielded areas of a substrate. Normally applied to metal, it can also be used on glass, plastic and other materials.
A photoresist is selected which is resistant to the particular acid or other etching compound to be used. It may be a liquid applied by brushing, spraying, pouring or other means and then allowed to set, or it may come in sheet form and be applied by laminating. It is then exposed to light—usually strong ultraviolet (UV) light—through a photographic, mechanically printed, or manually created image or pattern on transparent film. Alternatively, a lens may be used to project an image directly onto it. Typically, the photoresist is hardened where it receives sufficient exposure to light, but some photoresists are initially hard and are then softened by exposure. A solvent is used to wash away the soft parts, laying bare the underlying material, which is then bathed in or sprayed with the acid or other etchant. The remaining photoresist is usually removed after the operation is complete.
In the graphic arts, photoengraving is used to make printing plates for various printing processes, reproducing a wide variety of graphics such as lettering, line drawings and photographs. Photogravure and screen printing are examples of such process.
The same procedure is used to make printed circuit boards, foil-stamping dies and embossing dies. It is also used to make nameplates, commemorative plaques and other decorative engravings. It can be used to make flat springs, levers, gears and other practical components that would otherwise be fabricated from sheet metal by cutting, drilling, jigsawing or stamping. A very high degree of precision is possible. In these applications, it is properly called photochemical machining, but the terms photochemical milling, chemical milling and photoetching are sometimes used. A similar process called photolithography is used to make integrated circuits.
Photoengraving is a process that uses a light-sensitive photoresist applied to the surface to be engraved to create a mask that protects some areas during...
The Ben Day process is a printing and photoengraving technique for producing areas of gray or (with four-color printing) various colors by using fine patterns...
that a phonautograph recording could be converted back into sound by photoengraving the tracing into a metal surface to create a playable groove, then using...
Technical School; it was later renamed the London County Council School of Photoengraving and Lithography. St Bride's came under the control of the London County...
water heaters. Alloyed with zinc to produce the zinc sheet used in photoengraving plates in the printing industry, dry-cell battery walls, and roofing...
pharmaceutical acidifiers. It can also be used as a laboratory reagent in photoengraving and metal etching. IRFNA IIIa: 83.4% HNO3, 14% NO2, 2% H2O, 0.6% HF...
lithography, photoengraving, and photography. After earning an International Engraver's Certificate, Muray took a three-year course in color photoengraving in Berlin...
Technical School; it was later renamed the London County Council School of Photoengraving and Lithography. Annual portfolios of student work were assembled during...
Le Diamant Theatre is a large-scale performing arts venue in the center of Québec City, Québec, Canada. Coarchitecture, In Situ, Jacques Plante Architects...
cylinder. In practice, Berliner opted for the disc format, which made the photoengraving step much less difficult and offered the prospect of making multiple...
engravers, gunsmiths and others, while modern industrial techniques such as photoengraving and laser engraving have many important applications. Engraved gems...
smaller cells will produce less intense ones. There are three methods of photoengraving that have been used for engraving of gravure cylinders, where the cell...
The Dultgen halftone intaglio process is a photoengraving technique invented by Arthur Dultgen and is widely used today in commercial colour work. Two...
then rinsed away with a solvent. Niépce's primary objective was not a photoengraving or photolithography process, but rather a photo-etching process, since...
in the 18th century. It is still used as varnish for violins and for photoengraving. Dragon's blood is also listed in a 16th-century text, Stahel und Eyssen...
Jersey; Lambeth School of Art, London; London County Council School of Photoengraving and Lithography; Saint Martin's School of Art, London. Occupation(s)...
screen printing uses etch-resistant inks to create the protective mask. Photoengraving uses a photomask and developer to selectively remove a UV-sensitive...
coarse engraving screens. While letterpresses produced legible text, the photoengraving dots that formed pictures often bled or smeared and became fuzzy and...
developed heliography and made the first photographic print from a photoengraved printing plate. Traditional photographic prints can be altered using...
heliographs and producing prints from them, laying the foundation for later photoengraving processes. After his return from London concentrated on making camera...
light-sensitive material used in several processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface. This process is crucial in...
fonts (including proportional fonts), and with text justification. With photoengraving and halftone, physical photographs could be transferred into print directly...
women are watching dancers in Walpi, Arizona from an adobe rooftop. Photoengraving Gascoigne, Bamber (26 April 2004) [1986]. How to Identify Prints: A...
Henri Thiriat (22 November 1843 – 9 April 1926) was a French engraver who carried out a large part of his activity at L'Illustration. Henri Amédée Thiriat...
(1820–1872), invented in 1852 the paniconograph for which he took a patent (photoengraving in relief according to the letterpress on several early plate). Later...
gradually diminished because of improvements in offset printing and photoengraving.[citation needed] The prints depicted a variety of images of American...
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