Global InformationPhilippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque information
Marshal Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque | |
|---|---|
 Leclerc in August 1944 during the Liberation of Paris | |
| Member of the Superior Council of Defence | |
| In office 12 April 1947[1] – 28 November 1947 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 November 1902 Belloy-Saint-Léonard, France |
| Died | 28 November 1947 (aged 45) Colomb-Béchar, French Algeria |
| Resting place | Les Invalides |
| Spouse | Thérèse de Gargan |
| Children |
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| Parents |
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| Alma mater |
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| Nickname(s) | Leclerc, le maréchal Leclerc |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Third Republic Free France Fourth Republic |
| Branch/service | French Army
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| Years of service | 1924–1947 |
| Rank | Army general[a] |
| Unit | List
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| Commands | List
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| Battles/wars | List
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Philippe François Marie Leclerc de Hauteclocque[b][c] (22 November 1902 – 28 November 1947) was a Free-French general during the Second World War. He became Marshal of France posthumously in 1952, and is known in France simply as le maréchal Leclerc or just Leclerc.
The son of an aristocratic family, Hauteclocque graduated from the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, the French military academy, in 1924. After service with the French Occupation of the Ruhr and in Morocco, he returned to Saint-Cyr as an instructor. He was awarded the croix de guerre des théâtres d'opérations extérieures for leading goumiers in an attack on caves and ravines on Bou Amdoun on 11 August 1933.
During the Second World War he fought in the Battle of France. He was one of the first who defied his government's Armistice to make his way to Britain to fight with the Free French under General Charles de Gaulle, adopting the nom de guerre of Leclerc so that his wife and children would not be put at risk if his name appeared in the papers. He was sent to French Equatorial Africa, where he rallied local leaders to the rebel Free French cause, and led a force against Gabon, whose leaders supported the French Government. From Chad he led raids into Italian Libya. After his forces captured Kufra, he had his men swear an oath known today as the Serment de Koufra, in which they pledged to fight on until their flag flew over the Strasbourg Cathedral. The forces under his command, known as L Force, campaigned in Libya in 1943, covered the Eighth Army's inland flank during its advance into Tunisia, and participated in the attack on the Mareth Line. L Force was then transformed into the 2e Division Blindée, although it was often referred to as La Division Leclerc. It fought under Leclerc's command in the Battle of Normandy, and participated in the liberation of Paris and Strasbourg.
After the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945, he was given command of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps (Corps expéditionnaire français en Extrême-Orient, CEFEO). He represented France at the surrender of the Japanese Empire in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945. He quickly perceived the necessity for a political solution to the nascent conflict in Indochina, but once again was ahead of his countrymen, and was recalled to France in 1946. He was killed in an air crash in Algeria in 1947.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
lwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Government of the French Republic (18 November 1939). "Décret du 8 Novembre 1939 des officiers ayant obtenu le brevet d'état-major". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (9 September 1924). "Décret du 9 Septembre 1924 portant mutation dans l'armée active". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (17 September 1926). "Décret du 17 Septembre 1926 portant mutation dans l'armée active". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (8 October 1926). "Décret du 8 Octobre 1926 portant mutation dans l'armée active". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (21 July 1930). "Décret du 21 Juillet 1930 portant mutation dans l'armée active". gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (17 November 1945). "Decree on a change of name". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 23 September 2020.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).