Philipp Schall von Bell (died 1560) was the commander-in-chief (Landmarschall) of the Livonian Confederation forces during the first two years of the Livonian War (1558–1583). Von Bell was taken prisoner after the disastrous Battle of Ergeme and executed by tsar Ivan IV of Russia.
Philipp Schall von Bell joined the Livonian Order around the year 1540. From 1545 he held the post of vice commander (Hauskomtur) in Riga and in 1551 he became commander (Komtur) of Marienburg (Alūksne). After the Livonian War began in 1558, he became the last Land Marshal or commander-in-chief of the Livonian Order.[1]
On 2 August 1560, upon hearing the news of Muscovites leaving Dorpat (Tartu) for a siege of Fellin (Viljandi), von Bell set up an ambush near the village Ermes (Ergeme, Latvia). Von Bell miscalculated the strength of the enemy; he expected to attack and destroy a small detachment but instead ran into the main Muscovite army. His small force of a few hundred members of the Order and 500 auxiliaries[2] succeeded in smashing through the Muscovite front, however, the Russian flank successfully maneuvered through the woods surrounding woodland, enveloped the Livonian forces and forced them to flee in disarray. This was the last field battle of the Livonian Order; after that, the Order only managed to offer resistance from castles, for example in Weissenstein (Paide, Estonia).
Philipp Schall von Bell was taken prisoner by Aleksey Adashev's men; in total, the Russians captured eleven senior officers and 120 German nobles. Initially, the Muscovite commanders treated the prisoners with respect, hoping that this would help in securing the loyalty of conquered Livonia. Schall von Bell and senior Livonian officers were sent to the court of tsar Ivan IV of Russia. When they finally met, Ivan was enraged by von Bell's hostile and unforgiving answers, and ordered the immediate execution of the prisoners. Philipp and his brother, Werner Schall von Bell (Komtur of Goldingen), as well as three other nobles were beheaded, their bodies thrown to the dogs.[3] According to another version of the story, the prisoners were doomed by Adashev's patronage; Ivan had been displeased with Adashev earlier and had demoted him from court service to the combat troops.[4] Aleksey Adashev died of fever in Dorpat in the same year; his brother Daniil was executed by Ivan in 1563.[5]
The sole survivor among the high-ranking prisoners of the war, the Bishop of Dorpat Hermann II Wesel, who had been captured in 1558, retained Ivan's favor and was allowed to bury the dead outside of town in accordance with the manner of the Catholic faith.[3] Centuries later, the tombstones of an abandoned cemetery were reused for the pavement of Moscow streets. In 1823, the tomb of Werner Schall von Bell was discovered in the mud of Yakimanka District, and since then has been preserved, first in the Rumyantsev Museum and now in the Moscow Kremlin.[3]
^About his career in the Order: Ritterbrüder im livländischen Zweig des Deutschen Ordens. Köln: Böhlau, 1993. Nr. 761 (P. 565–566).
^Stephen R. Turnbull, Peter Dennis (2004). Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (2): The Stone Castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560. Osprey. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-84176-712-3.
^ abcGraschenkov, A. V. (1989). "Nadgrobnaya plita livonskogo rytsarya Bernta von Bella (Надгробная плита ливонского рыцаря Бернта фон Белля)" (PDF). Materialy i issledovania. Istoria i restavratsia Moskovskogo Kremlya (Материалы и исследования. История и реставрация памятников Московского Кремля) (in Russian). VI: 61–63. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
^De Madariaga, Isabel (2006). Ivan the Terrible: first tsar of Russia. Yale University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-300-11973-2.
^De Madariaga, p. 137
and 25 Related for: Philipp Schall von Bell information
Vladimir (1238) – beheaded after losing the Battle of the Sit River PhilippSchallvonBell (1560) – executed in captivity by order of Ivan the Terrible. Stenka...
Franz Schall (1 June 1918 – 10 April 1945) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II. As a fighter ace, he flew approximately...
(1993). "'Altes Zeug von mir': Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs kompositorisches Schaffen vor 1740" ['Old stuff for me': Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's compositorial...
1631 and a transit of Venus observed by Jeremiah Horrox in 1639. Adam SchallvonBell, a Jesuit in China, used the tables to complete a reform of the Chinese...
Martin Rinkart Johann Rist Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer Carl Schalk Martin Schalling the Younger Lazarus Spengler Paul Speratus Paul Stockmann Melchior Teschner...
volume containing five Chinese astronomical texts sent by Johann Adam SchallvonBell (1592–1666) before his death. In 1688 the Jesuits took full control...
Olelkovich Radziwill, Belarusian saint (d. 1612) 1591 – Johann Adam SchallvonBell, German missionary and astronomer (d. 1666) 1594 – John Haynes, English-American...
properly (deflection shooting) or hit you." Hartmann also considered the Bell P-39 Airacobra, the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, and the Hawker Hurricane to be...
Roehler Marie Zielcke, RP Kahl [de] Drama Single Bells [de] Xaver Schwarzenberger Martina Gedeck, Johanna von Koczian Comedy German-Austrian co-production...
12 – John Strachan, Bishop of Toronto (d. 1867) April 14 – George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff, prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d...
encyclopedia of all "relevant" economic knowledge of his time Carl Friedrich Philippvon Martius (1794–1868), botanist, explorer, famous expedition into Brazil...
most complete 18th century publication of chorales by J. S. Bach is Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's edition in four volumes, published by Breitkopf from 1784...
World War I flying ace and recipient of the Pour le Mérite Eduard Ritter von Schleich. One of his course mates was Hans-Joachim Marseille, who had been...
in the deportation of foreign missionaries. Missionary Johann Adam SchallvonBell arrives in China 1616 Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz, the...
(1912–1984) Jonathan Schaffer Kenneth F. Schaffner (born 1939) James V. Schall (1928–2019) Israel Scheffler (1923–2014) Samuel Scheffler (born 1951) J...
and were trained by the RAF. At first, Ralph von Rettberg had been considered for training in England. Von Rettberg reconsidered and Krupinski then suggested...
by then Germany's highest military award for standard servicemen. Franz Schall twice shot down ten or more aircraft on one day. On 26 August 1944, he claimed...
Scherzer 2007, p. 290. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 170. Von Seemen 1976, p. 118. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 70. Von Seemen 1976, p. 36. Berger, Florian (1999). Mit Eichenlaub...
Carlos Domingos Massoni Friedrich Wilhem Braun Carmo de Souza Jatyr Eduardo Schall Edson Bispo dos Santos Antonio Salvador Sucar Victor Mirshawka Sergio de...
– Friedrich Myconius, German Lutheran theologian (b. 1491) May 17 – Philippvon Hutten, German explorer (b. 1511) May 28 – Ottaviano de' Medici, Italian...
first performance, in English, in Germany was in 1772 in Hamburg. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach was the first to perform the oratorio in German: he presented...
Initially reported as missing in action, he was replaced by Hauptmann Hans Philipp as commander of I. Gruppe on 17 February. In late February, I. Gruppe predominately...
org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020. "Nomination Archive – Burris Bell Cunningham". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020. "Nomination...