Persecution of people with albinism information

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Persecution of people with albinism (sometimes abbreviated PWA^[1]) is based on the belief that certain body parts of albinistic people can transmit magical powers. Such superstition is present especially in some parts of the African Great Lakes region, it has been promulgated and exploited by witch doctors and others who use such body parts as ingredients in rituals, concoctions and potions with the claim that their magic will bring prosperity to the user (muti or medicine murder).^[2]

As a result, people with albinism have been persecuted, killed and dismembered, and graves of albinos dug up and desecrated. At the same time, people with albinism have also been ostracised and even killed for exactly the opposite reason, because they are presumed to be cursed and bring bad luck. The persecutions of people with albinism take place mostly in Sub-Saharan African communities, especially among East Africans.^[3]^: 81

Albinism is a genetically inherited condition which is very rare and, worldwide, affects approximately one in twenty thousand people.^[4] Although rare in the western world, albinism is quite common in sub-Saharan Africa, likely as a result of consanguineous alliances.^[3] Both parents, who may or may not be albinos themselves, must carry the gene if it is to be passed on to the child. Albinism occurs in both males and females and is not specific to any race or ethnic group. Statistics show that fifty percent of albinistic people in Tanzania have a known albinistic relative,^[3]^: 80 although very few understand or are educated about the medical and genetic causes of this condition. Many believe it is a punishment from God or bad luck, and that their "disease" could be contagious, which is often the view of even members of the medical and professional community. These misconceptions, coupled with the lack of education, are some of the key reasons that albinism is so heavily persecuted. This lack of knowledge about people with albinism means that folktales and superstition in the name of witchcraft take the place of medical and scientific facts in the minds of many native Africans, with and without albinism, which in turn has major effects on the social integration of albinistic people into African society. Ninety-eight percent of albinos die by the age of forty for reasons which could easily be prevented.^[5]

^ Cite error: The named reference UTSS history was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Schühle, Judith. "Medicine Murder of People with Albinism in Tanzania – How Casino Capitalism Creates Rumorscapes and Occult Economies (Working Paper No. 2-13)" (PDF). FU-Berlin.de. Center for Area Studies, Freie Universität Berlin. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cruz-Inigo, Andres E.; Ladizinski, Barry; Sethi, Aisha (January 2011). "Albinism in Africa: Stigma, Slaughter and Awareness Campaigns". Dermatologic Clinics. 29 (1): 79–87. doi:10.1016/j.det.2010.08.015. PMID 21095532. Retrieved 18 April 2014. Also available in PDF format.
^ Steiefel, (2014) Hats on for skin health: Albinos in Africa a population at risk "Stiefel, a GSK company – Hats on for Skin Health". Archived from the original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014. Accessed 20 April 2014
^ Morton, T. (2014). Watu Kama Sisi: Reducing Skin Cancer, Stigma and Violence Against Albinos in the Mara Region (Report). Canada / Tanzania: Under the Same Sun.

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