The Periods of Stagflation,[1] also known as Stagflation in Pakistan or inflation and unemployment in Pakistan, are periods of economic stagflation in Pakistan's economic history, which has affected Pakistan's economic trajectory since its inception.[1][2] Pakistan's economy is battling a state of virtual "stagflation", means that Pakistan is grappling with the challenging conditions of sluggish economic activity, rising unemployment and rising inflation.[3]
The first period of stagflation began in the 1970s after the secession of East Pakistan and the formation of Bangladesh following the surrender during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Although the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto made an attempt to end this period, it was subsequently ended by the military government of Zia-ul-Haq in the 1980s. The end of Soviet engagement in Afghanistan and increasing U.S. aid to Pakistan facilitated a second period of stagflation in the 1990s. During this period, both Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif attempted to tackle stagflation, with Nawaz Sharif first implementing economic liberalization and privatization. The second period was ended by Shaukat Aziz's government who implemented much tougher taxation, monetary and financial development policies in the 2000s. After Aziz's reforms, the third period came about after the 2008 elections and widespread militancy in North-West Pakistan, in addition to the global financial crisis. Pakistan's leading economists and financial scholars are uncertain to the causes of stagflation, and many attribute this period to several factors including the state's role in war on terror, corruption, tough monetary policies and several other factors.
Yousaf Raza Gillani, Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2008–2012, is held responsible for doing too little to improve the economic situation.[4] The leading financial critics points out that Gillani's government carried out no major economic reforms to encourage economic development and the few policy measures and reforms were either very modest or collapsed due to opposition from his party's leadership.[4]
^ abAmjad, Rashid; Musleh ud Din and Abdul Qayyum (16 September 2011). "Pakistan: Breaking Out of Stagflation into Sustained Growth". The Lahore Journal of Economics. 16: 13–30. doi:10.35536/lje.2011.v16.isp.a2. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
^Bilal Ahmad (24 May 2012). "Stagflation". The News International. Archived from the original on 28 May 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^Rana, Shahbaz (8 June 2023). "Economy slips into stagflation: GDP growth at a meagre 0.29%". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
^ abHaroon, Ayesha (16 May 2012). "Let them go?". The News International. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
and 30 Related for: Periods of stagflation in Pakistan information
The PeriodsofStagflation, also known as StagflationinPakistan or inflation and unemployment inPakistan, are periodsof economic stagflationin Pakistan's...
In economics, stagflation (or recession-inflation) is a situation in which the inflation rate is high or increasing, the economic growth rate slows, and...
to display the Urdu text in this article correctly. Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic ofPakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most...
liberalisation had halted Pakistan's GDP growth. The liberalisation reforms in 1990s entered Pakistan's economy into the "Era ofStagflation" where the unemployment...
Analyzing the stagflation problem, the PIDE observed that a major cause of the continuous era ofstagflationinPakistan was a lack of coordination between...
After 1993, the country's national economy again entered in the second period of the stagflation and more roughly began bite the country's financial resources...
period ofstagflation between 1974 and 1981, and the Great Moderation from 1982 to the start of the late-2000s recession. List of recessions in the United...
period following the 1973 oil crisis was characterized by stagflation, the combination of low economic and productivity growth and high inflation. The...
disinflation – a decrease in the rate of inflation; hyperinflation – an out-of-control inflationary spiral; stagflation – a combination of inflation, slow economic...
second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. He also confronted stagflation. His administration established the U.S. Department of Energy and the...
used type of security, were invented by the Italian city-states (such as Venice and Genoa) of the late medieval and early Renaissance periods. After 1600...
that inflationary expectations negate the Phillips curve in the long run. The stagflationof the 1970s provided striking support for their theories while...
fall in absolute income levels. Great Recession L-shaped recession List of recessions List of recessions in the United States Recession Stagflation "Supply...
1929 crash of the stock market and other factors. Attempts have been made to date recessions in America beginning in 1790. These periodsof recession were...
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance ofstagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement...
heating oil; and factories cut production and lay off workers. The risk ofstagflation increases.[citation needed] Economics portal Energy portal Renewable...
velocity of money measures the number of times that one unit of currency is used to purchase goods and services within a given time period. In other words...
deflationary periods are related to the underlying of technological progress in an economy, because as productivity increases (TFP), the cost of goods decreases...
This is a list of recessions (and depressions) that have affected the economy of the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. In the United Kingdom...
increases, which is also known as stagflation. As economic output decreases and unemployment rises the standard of living falls faster when sticky inflation...
over different periods, such as a month or a day, but they are usually annualized. The interest rate has been characterized as "an index of the preference...
calculated in the following way, where r is the effective rate, i the nominal rate (as a decimal, e.g. 12% = 0.12), and n the number of compounding periods per...
is a good approximation for how the economy behaves over long periodsof time but that in the short run monetary-disequilibrium theory applies, such that...
IV at the age of four in 1665. Subject to extended periodsof ill-health for much of his life, the issue of his successor was a matter of diplomatic debate...
growth. In addition, consumer confidence moved at an erratic pace, limiting the surge in consumption expenditures that is typical of recovery periods. As...
term stagflation was coined). Since economists agreed on the wisdom of deregulation, many of the New Deal era regulations were ended, such as in transportation...
Foreclosure Hindu rate of growth Inventory bounce List of recessions in the United States Overproduction Stock market crashes in India Stagflation Underconsumption...
extended periods to spread extensively. In all, Neolithic developments, augmented by writing as an information tool, laid the groundwork for the advent of civilization...
of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting instagflation and a rapidly declining value of...