Specimen of Magicicada septendecim in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich (2015)
A Magicicada chorus with M. septendecim, M. cassini, and M. septendecula
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Hemiptera
Suborder:
Auchenorrhyncha
Family:
Cicadidae
Subfamily:
Cicadettinae
Tribe:
Lamotialnini
Genus:
Magicicada W. T. Davis, 1925
Type species
Magicicada septendecim[1]
(Linnaeus, 1758)
The term periodical cicada is commonly used to refer to any of the seven species of the genus Magicicada of eastern North America, the 13- and 17-year cicadas. They are called periodical because nearly all individuals in a local population are developmentally synchronized and emerge in the same year. Although they are sometimes called "locusts", this is a misnomer, as cicadas belong to the taxonomic order Hemiptera (true bugs), suborder Auchenorrhyncha, while locusts are grasshoppers belonging to the order Orthoptera.[2]Magicicada belongs to the cicada tribe Lamotialnini, a group of genera with representatives in Australia, Africa, and Asia, as well as the Americas.[3]
Magicicada species spend around 99.5% of their long lives underground in an immature state called a nymph. While underground, the nymphs feed on xylem fluids from the roots of deciduous forest trees in the eastern United States.[4] In the spring of their 13th or 17th year, mature cicada nymphs emerge between late April and early June (depending on latitude), synchronously and in tremendous numbers. The adults are active for only about four to six weeks after the unusually prolonged developmental phase.[5]
The males aggregate in chorus centers and call there to attract mates. Mated females lay eggs in the stems of woody plants. Within two months of the original emergence, the life cycle is complete and the adult cicadas die. Later in that same summer, the eggs hatch and the new nymphs burrow underground to develop for the next 13 or 17 years.
Periodical emergences are also reported for the "World Cup cicada" Chremistica ribhoi (every four years)[6] in northeast India and for a cicada species from Fiji, Raiateana knowlesi (every eight years).[7]
^Maxine Shoemaker Heath (1978). Genera of American cicadas north of Mexico(PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Florida. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.42291.
^"General Periodical Cicada Information". Cicadas. Storrs, Connecticut: University of Connecticut. February 16, 2017. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
^Marshall, DC; Moulds, M; Hill, KBR; Price, BW; Wade, EJ; Owen, CO; Goemans, G; Marathe, K; Sarkar, V; Cooley, JR; Sanborn, AF; Kunte, K; Villet, MH; Simon, C (2018). "A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification". Zootaxa. 4424 (1): 1–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1. PMID 30313477. S2CID 52976455. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018.
^Lloyd, M. & H.S. Dybas (1966). "The periodical cicada problem. I. Population ecology". Evolution. 20 (2): 133–149. doi:10.2307/2406568. JSTOR 2406568. PMID 28563627.
^Williams, K.S. & C. Simon (1995). "The ecology, behavior, and evolution of periodical cicadas" (PDF). Annual Review of Entomology. 40: 269–295. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.001413. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2010.
^Hajong, Sudhanya Ray; Yaakop, Salmah (August 29, 2013). "Chremistica ribhoi sp. n. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from North-East India and its mass emergence". Zootaxa. 3702 (5): 493–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3702.5.8. PMID 26146742.
^Simon, Chris; Cooley, John R.; Karban, Richard; Sota, Teiji (January 7, 2022). "Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of 13- and 17-Year Periodical Cicadas". Annual Review of Entomology. 67 (1): 457–482. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108. PMID 34623904. S2CID 238529885.
and 28 Related for: Periodical cicadas information
periodicalcicada is commonly used to refer to any of the seven species of the genus Magicicada of eastern North America, the 13- and 17-year cicadas...
undescribed. Nearly all of cicada species are annual cicadas with the exception of the few North American periodicalcicada species, genus Magicicada,...
infects only 13 and 17 year periodicalcicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still...
The Cassini periodicalcicadas are a pair of closely related species of periodicalcicadas: Magicicada cassini (Fisher, 1852), having a 17-year life cycle...
Brood X (Brood 10), the Great Eastern Brood, is one of 15 broods of periodicalcicadas that appear regularly throughout the eastern United States. The brood's...
Decim periodicalcicadas is a term used to group three closely related species of periodicalcicadas: Magicicada septendecim, Magicicada tredecim, and...
tredecim, the three species are often described together as "decim periodicalcicadas." Their median life cycle from egg to natural adult death is around...
Brood 13 or Northern Illinois Brood) is one of 15 separate broods of periodicalcicadas that appear regularly throughout the midwestern United States. Every...
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, containing almost all living cicada species with more than 3,200 species worldwide. The...
at the Wayback Machine Cicadamania: "Hot weather means cicadas emerge sooner" "PeriodicalCicada Page". University of Michigan. Archived from the original...
attack Williams KS, Smith KG, Stephen FM (1993). "Emergence of 13-Yr PeriodicalCicadas (Cicadidae: Magicicada): Phenology, Mortality, and Predators Satiation"...
description of periodic cicadas remains a classic in the field. In this article, Marlatt proposed a grouping of periodic cicadas into 30 different broods...
XXII (also known as The Baton Rouge Brood) is a brood of 13-year periodicalcicadas, last seen in 2014 in a geographic region centered on Baton Rouge...
all of the three extant broods of 13-year cicadas: Brood XIX, Brood XXII, and Brood XXIII. "PeriodicalCicada Page". University of Michigan. Retrieved...
Magicicada neotredecim is the most recently discovered species of periodicalcicada. Like all Magicicada species, M. neotredecim has reddish eyes and...
discussed together as "cassini periodicalcicadas" or "cassini-type periodicalcicadas." Unlike other periodicalcicadas, cassini-type males may synchronize...
Brood XI (Brood 11) was a brood of periodicalcicadas that appeared regularly in the eastern United States. It was one of the smallest 17-year broods,...
Brood II is one of 15 separate broods of Magicicada (periodicalcicadas) that appear regularly throughout the northeastern United States. Every 17 years...
Brood XIV (also known as Brood 14) is one of 15 separate broods of periodicalcicadas that appear regularly throughout parts of the midwestern, northeastern...
(also known as the Mississippi Valley Brood) is a brood of 13-year periodicalcicadas that last emerged in 2015 around the Mississippi River in the states...
projection, in map making Cassini Glacier, in Antarctica Cassini periodicalcicadas, two species of insect French cruiser Cassini, French Navy cruiser...
9". In entomology, the broods of the thirteen- and seventeen-year periodicalcicadas are identified by Roman numerals. In graphic design stylised Roman...
Brood V is one of twelve extant broods of periodicalcicadas that emerge as adults once every 17 years in North America (three additional broods emerge...
sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were present. Periodicalcicadas List of locust swarms Australian Plague Locust Commission LUBILOSA...
winter of 1780, there was a sudden appearance of a massive number of periodicalcicadas (a large insect species which emerge from underground only once every...
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