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Pentane information


Pentane
Skeletal formula of pentane
Skeletal formula of pentane with all explicit hydrogens added
Pentane 3D ball.png
Pentane 3D spacefill.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Pentane[2]
Other names
Quintane;[1] Refrigerant-4-13-0
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 109-66-0 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
 969132
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:37830 checkY
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL16102 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 7712 checkY
DrugBank
  • DB03119 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.358 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-692-4
Gmelin Reference
 1766
MeSH pentane
PubChem CID
  • 8003
RTECS number
  • RZ9450000
UNII
  • 4FEX897A91 checkY
UN number 1265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID2025846 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
SMILES
  • CCCCC
Properties[4]
Chemical formula
 C5H12
Molar mass 72.151 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like[3]
Density 0.626 g/mL; 0.6262 g/mL (20 °C)
Melting point −130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K
Boiling point 35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K
Solubility in water
 40 mg/L (20 °C)
log P 3.255
Vapor pressure 57.90 kPa (20.0 °C)
Henry's law
constant (kH)
 7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa) ~45
Basicity (pKb) ~59
UV-vis (λmax) 200 nm
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
 -63.05·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)
 1.358
Viscosity 0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 167.19 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 263.47 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
 −3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS02: Flammable GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS08: Health hazard GHS09: Environmental hazard
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H225, H304, H336, H411
Precautionary statements
 P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
4
0
Flash point −49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K)
Autoignition
temperature
 260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K)
Explosive limits 1.5–7.8%[3]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
  • 3 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 5 g kg−1 (oral, mouse)
LC50 (median concentration)
 130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min)
128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min)
325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)[5]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute][3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1500 ppm[3]
Related compounds
Related alkanes
  • Butane
  • Butyl iodide
  • Hexane
Supplementary data page
Pentane (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C5H12—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane). Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12.

Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.

  1. ^ Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.
  2. ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 59. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.
  5. ^ "n-Pentane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

and 20 Related for: Pentane information

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Pentane

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them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two...

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Isopentane

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structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane). Isopentane is commonly used...

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Neopentane

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three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12 (pentanes), the other two being n-pentane and isopentane. Out of these three, it is the only one...

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Structural isomer

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For example, there are three skeletal isomers of pentane: n-pentane (often called simply "pentane"), isopentane (2-methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane)...

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Cyclopentane

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Cyclopentane (also called C pentane) is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C5H10 and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a...

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Alkane

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only C3: propane only C4: 2 isomers: butane and isobutane C5: 3 isomers: pentane, isopentane, and neopentane C6: 5 isomers: hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane...

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Acetylpropionyl

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Acetylpropionyl Names Preferred IUPAC name Pentane-2,3-dione Other names 2,3-Pentanedione Identifiers CAS Number 600-14-6 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive...

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Pentane interference

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Pentane interference or syn-pentane interaction is the steric hindrance that the two terminal methyl groups experience in one of the chemical conformations...

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Acetylacetone

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Acetylacetone Names IUPAC names (3Z)-4-Hydroxy-3-penten-2-one (enol form) Pentane-2,4-dione (keto form) Other names Hacac 2,4-Pentanedione Identifiers CAS...

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Cadaverine

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Cadaverine Skeletal formula Ball-and-stick model Names Preferred IUPAC name Pentane-1,5-diamine Other names 1,5-Diaminopentane, pentamethylenediamine Identifiers...

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Penex

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converting normal (linear) pentane into (branched) isopentane. The decisive factor in the isomerisation of normal pentane is an increase in the total...

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Bicyclopentane

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Bicyclopentane may refer to: Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane (housane) Bicyclopentyl [Wikidata] (cyclopentylcyclopentane) Bicyclic compound...

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Hydrodesulfurization

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Hydrogen ⟶ C 5 H 12 Pentane + NH 3 Ammonia {\displaystyle {\ce {{\overset {Pyridine}{C5H5N}}+ {\overset {Hydrogen}{5H2}}-> {\overset {Pentane}{C5H12}}+ {\overset...

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Hydrocarbon

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Propadiene (allene) 4 Butane Butene (butylene) Butyne Cyclobutane Butadiene 5 Pentane Pentene Pentyne Cyclopentane Pentadiene (piperylene) 6 Hexane Hexene Hexyne...

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C5H8

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3907-06-0 Bicyclopentane Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, CAS 311-75-1 Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane or housane, CAS 185-94-4 Spiro[2.2]pentane or spiropentane, CAS 157-40-4 The...

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Detonation velocity

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of Heat Engineering. Retrieved 21 September 2019. "TNT (Comparison to Pentane)". ch.ic.ac.uk. ChemWiki. "Glossary on Explosion Dynamics". shepherd.caltech...

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C5H12

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C5H12 (molar mass: 72.15 g/mol, exact mass: 72.0939 u) may refer to: Pentanes Pentane Eupione, or eupion Isopentane, or methylbutane Neopentane, or 2,2-dimethylpropane...

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List of isomers of nonane

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4-Ethyl-2-methylhexane 3-Ethyl-3-methylhexane 3-Ethyl-4-methylhexane Isomers where pentane is the longest chain 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane...

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Elution

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Eluting power (least eluting power → greatest eluting power) Hexane or pentane Cyclohexane Benzene Dichloromethane Chloroform Ether (anhydrous) Ethyl...

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Starting fluid

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distinct from petroleum ether (a crude oil distillate consisting mostly of pentane and other alkanes) which has also been used for starting engines.[citation...

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