The Pennant Measures is the traditional name for a sequence of sedimentary rocks of the South Wales Coalfield. They were also referred to as the Upper Coal Measures and assigned to the Westphalian 'C' and Westphalian 'D' stages of the Carboniferous Period. The Pennant Measures were divided into the Lower Pennant Measures and the Upper Pennant Measures, differing from the underlying Middle and Lower Coal Measures in being principally of sandstone units – known collectively as the Pennant Sandstone – with mudstone being the subsidiary rock type. Numerous coal seams occur within the Pennant Measures though they are less common than in the underlying Coal Measures.[1]
However recent reclassification of the sequence has resulted in the definition by the British Geological Survey of the Pennant Sandstone Formation as a sub-unit of the newly established Warwickshire Group. The formation is recognised to be of Bolsovian to 'Westphalian D' age. It overlies the uppermost strata of the newly defined South Wales Coal Measures Group and underlies the rocks of the succeeding Grovesend Formation. The Pennant Sandstone Formation is now formally subdivided (in ascending order) into the Llynfi, Rhondda, Brithdir, Hughes and Swansea members, each of which units formerly had 'bed' status.[2][3]
Being relatively resistant to erosion, the Pennant Sandstones form the plateau surface of the Coalfield into which the coalfield valleys have been deeply incised by water and ice. They reach their greatest height (though not their highest stratigraphic level) at the flat summit of Craig y Llyn where they are represented by the Hughes Member.[4]
St Paul's Church, Bristol, constructed largely of grey Pennant Sandstone with Bath stone around the door and window frames
The sandstone were quarried both in South Wales and the Bristol area for use in paving and roofing is also known as Pennant Stone.[5]
^Waters, C N, Barclay, W J, Davies, J R and Waters, R A. In press. Stratigraphical framework for Carboniferous successions of Southern Great Britain (Onshore). British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/05/06.
^"Geology of Britain Viewer". British Geological Survey. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
^"Pennant Stone". National Monuments Record Main Building Materials Thesaurus. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011. Pennant Stone: Hard, fine grained, blue/grey coloured sandstone. Quarried in South Wales and the Bristol area and commonly used, throughout the country, as a stone roofing material (stone slate).
divided into the Lower PennantMeasures and the Upper PennantMeasures, differing from the underlying Middle and Lower Coal Measures in being principally...
"Pennant", a Spetznas unit specialised in infiltration and assassination PennantMeasures, a stratigraphic division of the South Wales Coal Measures and...
the 'Upper Coal Measures' (which was also referred to as the 'PennantMeasures') is no longer considered to be a part of the Coal Measures and is now designated...
green triangular pennantmeasuring approximately 18 by 9 inches (460 by 230 mm), defaced with a white wine glass; nowadays the gin pennant is the "starboard"...
15 feet (4.6 m) at Sudbrook and a smaller drainage heading near the PennantMeasures. The rate of early work on the tunnel was slow and gradual, but without...
Mendip Hills south of Hallatrow consists of Supra-PennantMeasures which includes the upper coal measures and outcrops of sandstone. The relics of the industrial...
Mendip Hills south of Hallatrow consists of Supra-PennantMeasures which includes the upper coal measures and outcrops of sandstone. The southern part of...
Quarry. The oldest geological formation in the valley is the Supra-PennantMeasures of the Carboniferous period. It is a significant feature towards the...
geological feature south of Hallatrow consists of Supra-PennantMeasures which include the upper coal measures and outcrops of sandstone. Relics of its industrial...
to this period. In South Wales, the Coal Measures are overlain by the thick sandstones of the PennantMeasures which often provides craggy edges to the...
Wales Lower Coal Measures Formation In South Wales, the larger part of what had been the Upper Coal Measures now forms the Pennant Sandstone Formation...
Lester Pearson's preferred choice for a new flag was nicknamed "the Pearson Pennant". Pearson's first design featured the three maple leaves on a white background...
with the Yankees, Ruth helped the team win seven American League (AL) pennants and four World Series championships. His big swing led to escalating home...
sent her specimens of North American birds. The Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant studied these bird specimens and included them in his book Arctic Zoology...
is a list of known submarines of the Indian Navy, grouped by class, and pennant numbers within the class. Indian navy related lists Aircraft of the Indian...
first Superintendent of Weights and Measures beginning in November 1830, and the Office of Weights and Measures, the ancestor of today's National Institute...
Forces Ministry and the Interior Ministry. Pennant of Navy battle ships Pennant of Coast Guard ships Pennant of auxiliary Navy ships All the flags of the...
between the two is eroded in softer coal measures, shales in the main, while the Garth is formed of the resistant Pennant sandstone formation. Until the 19th...
the genus Otus that was introduced in 1769 by Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant. The genus name is derived from the Latin otus meaning "eared owl". The...
Marek Jankulovski allowed Pennant to run into space, he passed the ball to Dirk Kuyt who passed it back to him, Pennant's subsequent shot was saved by...
by John Latham in 1782 and the ruffed honeysucker described by Thomas Pennant in 1785. The type locality given by Gmelin was Nootka Sound on the west...
the name "Lemur flavus Penn.": on page 145 is a short translation of Pennant's description of the yellow maucauco (later identified to be Lemur mongoz...
Front Flying Clasp 26 June 1942 for the Pennant to the Gold Front Flying Clasp 29 April 1944 for the Pennant with number of mission All badges are formed...
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