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Portrait of Patrona Halil made by Jean Baptiste Vanmour (1671–1737)
Patrona Halil (Albanian: Halil Patrona; Turkish: Patrona Halil; c. 1690 in Hrupishta – November 25, 1730 in Istanbul) was the instigator of a mob uprising in 1730 which replaced Sultan Ahmed III with Mahmud I and ended the Tulip Period.[1][2]
Halil was born to an Albanian family in Hrupishta, a village in the then Bitola vilayet. He became a Janissary and after joining a Janissary rebellion in Niš and leading one in 1720 in Vidin, he moved to the capital.[clarification needed] He was known to have engaged in petty trade and crafts like working as a hammam attendant.[2] Halil was also a former sailor. He spent much of his time at meyhanes of Galata. Halil was known as Horpeşteli Arnavut Halil after his place of birth and ethnicity but his Albanian compatriots called him Patrona (Vice Admiral).
Events of the Patrona Halil rebellion; painting by Jean Baptiste Vanmour
His followers were 12,000 janissaries, mostly Albanians. For weeks after the revolt, the empire was in the hands of the insurgents. Patrona Halil rode with the new sultan to the Mosque of Eyub where the ceremony of girding Mahmud I with the Sword of Osman was performed; many of the chief officers were deposed and successors to them appointed at the dictation of the bold rebel who had served in the ranks of the Janissaries and who appeared before the sultan bare-legged and in his old uniform of a common soldier. A Greek butcher, named Yanaki, had formerly given credit to Patrona and had lent him money during the three days of the insurrection. Patrona showed his gratitude by compelling the Divan to make Yanaki Hospodar of Moldavia. Yanaki however never took charge of this office.
The Khan of Crimea assisted the Grand Vizier, the Mufti and the Aga of the Janissaries in putting down the rebellion. Patrona was killed in the sultan's presence after a Divan in which he had commanded that war be declared against Russia. His Greek friend, Yanaki, and 7,000 of those who had supported him were also put to death. The jealousy which the officers of the Janissaries felt towards Patrona, and their readiness to aid in his destruction, facilitated the exertions of Mahmud I's supporters in putting an end to the rebellion.
The aftermath of the rebellion led to fears of security and crime, this led to stronger state policies to regulate life in Istanbul.[2]
^Altınay, Ahmet Refik (Hrz. Haydar Ali Dirioz), (1973) Lale Devri
^ abcBaşaran, Betül (2014-07-10). Selim III, Social Control and Policing in Istanbul at the End of the Eighteenth Century: Between Crisis and Order. BRILL. pp. 14, 20, 23. ISBN 978-90-04-27455-6.
PatronaHalil (Albanian: HalilPatrona; Turkish: PatronaHalil; c. 1690 in Hrupishta – November 25, 1730 in Istanbul) was the instigator of a mob uprising...
from 1730 to 1754. He took over the throne after the quelling of the PatronaHalil rebellion. His reign was marked by wars in Persia and conflicts in Europe...
restoration process.[citation needed] They are popularly associated with PatronaHalil, the Albanian leader of an uprising that deposed Ahmed III in 1730,...
among the Ottoman population. In September 1730, janissaries headed by PatronaHalil backed in Istanbul a rebellion by 12,000 Albanian troops which caused...
1730, a mutinous riot of seventeen Janissaries, led by the Albanian PatronaHalil, was aided by the citizens as well as the military until it swelled...
Ottoman history from the Treaty of Passarowitz on 21 July 1718 to the PatronaHalil Revolt on 28 September 1730. This was a relatively peaceful period,...
"Ottoman Empire", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co. Halil İnalcık and Donald Quataert, ed. (1994). "Chronology of Ottoman history...
Methodism in England. 1730: Mahmud I takes over Ottoman Empire after the PatronaHalil revolt, ending the Tulip period. 1730–1760: The First Great Awakening...
Untersuchungen), 1983. K. Schwarz Verlag. ISBN 3-922968-34-1. İnalcık, Halil. “Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire, 1600-1700.”...
Gülnuş Sultan. Deposed in consequence of the Janissary rebellion led by PatronaHalil. Died on 1 July 1736. 24 Mahmud I 2 October 1730 – 13 December 1754...
brothers, princes Süleyman, Mehmed, and Bayezid. In 1730, after the PatronaHalil revolt led to the deposition of his father Sultan Ahmed III and the...
Edirne event. 1719: Revolution of 1719 1730, Ottoman Empire: Janissary PatronaHalil instigated an uprising which resulted in the deposition of Ahmed III...
(help) Quataert 2005, p. 91 Quataert, p. 92 Karateke 2005, p. 37–54 İnalcık, Halil (2007). "Osmanlı Beyliği'nin Kurucusu Osman Beg". Belleten (261). Ankara:...
(2012). Aşıkpaşaoğlu Tarihi. Otuken. p. 31. ISBN 978-9754378689. Inalcik, Halil. "OSMAN I - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr (in Turkish)...
Albanians involved in the counterrevolutionary movement were executed such as Halil Bey from Krajë which caused indignation among conservative Muslims of Shkodër...
1718, during Ahmed III's reign (r. 1703–1730), and lasted until the PatronaHalil revolts of 1730, when Ahmed III was overthrown. These years of peace...
lessen his influence.[citation needed] At this time in Constantinople, PatronaHalil, a mob rebellion had produced a change in leadership bringing Mahmud...
Event Abaza rebellion Atmeydanı Incident Çınar Incident Edirne event PatronaHalil Kabakçı Mustafa Charter of Alliance The Auspicious Incident Serbian...
established as recreational areas. Although the Tulip period ended with the PatronaHalil uprising, it became a model for attitudes of Westernization. During...
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