This article is about the Corsican patriot. For the French ferry, see MS Pascal Paoli.
Pasquale Paoli
Portrait by Richard Cosway
President of Corsica
In office 18 November 1755 – 9 May 1769
Preceded by
Office established
Succeeded by
Office abolished
Personal details
Born
(1725-04-06)6 April 1725 Morosaglia, Corsica, Republic of Genoa
Died
5 February 1807(1807-02-05) (aged 81) London, England
Resting place
Morosaglia, Corsica
Commemorative plaque to Paoli at the monastery of Saint Anthony of Casabianca.Paoli's name listed on the south face of the Burdett-Coutts Memorial Sundial in London
Filippo Antonio Pasquale de' PaoliFRS (Italian pronunciation:[fiˈlippoanˈtɔːnjopaˈskwaːledeˈpaːoli]; Corsican: Pasquale or Pasquali Paoli; French: Philippe-Antoine-Pascal Paoli;[1] 6 April 1725 – 5 February 1807) was a Corsican patriot, statesman, and military leader who was at the forefront of resistance movements against the Genoese and later French rule over the island. He became the President of the Executive Council of the General Diet of the People of Corsica and wrote the Constitution of the state.
The Corsican Republic was a representative democracy asserting that the elected Diet of Corsican representatives had no master. Paoli held his office by election and not by appointment. It made him commander-in-chief of the armed forces as well as chief magistrate. Paoli's government claimed the same jurisdiction as the Republic of Genoa. In terms of de facto exercise of power, the Genoese held the coastal cities, which they could defend from their citadels, but the Corsican republic controlled the rest of the island from Corte, its capital.[2]
Following the French conquest of Corsica in 1768, Paoli oversaw the Corsican resistance. Following the defeat of Corsican forces at the Battle of Ponte Novu he was forced into exile in Britain where he was a celebrated figure. He returned after the French Revolution, of which he was initially supportive. He later broke with the revolutionaries and helped to create the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom which lasted between 1794 and 1796. After the island was re-occupied by France he again went into exile in Britain where he died in 1807.
Paoli was idolized by a young Napoleon Bonaparte, who was a Corsican nationalist at the time. The Bonapartes had assisted him during the French invasion but refused to go into exile with him and pledged allegiance to King Louis XV. Paoli saw the Bonapartes as collaborators, and upon regaining power during the French Revolution he tried to prevent Napoleon from returning to his position in the Corsican National Guard. In May 1793, Paolists detained Napoleon on his way to his post (though he was soon released), ransacked his home, and formally outlawed the Bonapartes via the Corsican parliament. These events and others in 1793 accelerated Napoleon's transition from Corsican to French nationalism. Napoleon never fully outgrew his fondness of Paoli, and had mixed feelings about him throughout the rest of his life.[3]
^"La vraie grandeur de Pascal Paoli". Le Monde (in French). 31 May 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
^Lear, Edward (1870). Journal of a Landscape Painter in Corsica. London: Robert John Bush. p. 260. Downloadable Google Books.
^Roberts, Andrew (2014). Napoleon, A Life. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 5, 33, 40–41. ISBN 978-0-670-02532-9.
Filippo Antonio Pasquale de' Paoli FRS (Italian pronunciation: [fiˈlippo anˈtɔːnjo paˈskwaːle de ˈpaːoli]; Corsican: Pasquale or Pasquali Paoli; French:...
University of Corsica PasqualePaoli (Corsican: Università di Corsica PasqualePaoli; French: Université de Corse Pascal Paoli) is a French university...
annexed it. The most renowned was Petru Giovacchini, who considered PasqualePaoli (the hero of Corsica) as the precursor of Corsican irredentism in favor...
Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under PasqualePaoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in...
It was proclaimed in July 1755 by PasqualePaoli, who was seeking independence from the Republic of Genoa. Paoli created the Corsican Constitution, which...
Genoa began, first led by Luiggi Giafferi and Giacinto Paoli, and later by Paoli's son, PasqualePaoli. After 26 years of struggle against the Republic of...
last stepped forward from the ranks of Corsicans in exile in Italy, PasqualePaoli, a general and patriot who struggled against Genoa and then France,...
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Italian footballer PasqualePaoli (1725–1807), a Corsican patriot and leader Pasquale del Pezzo (1859–1936), an Italian mathematician Pasquale Rizzoli (1871–1953)...
The flag of Corsica was adopted by General of the Nation PasqualePaoli in 1755 and was based on a traditional flag used previously. It portrays a Moor's...
Buonaparte served briefly as a personal assistant to revolutionary leader PasqualePaoli, fighting with the Corsican forces against the Genoese republic. With...
over control of the town of Borgo on 8 October 1768. In October 1768, PasqualePaoli tried to recapture U Borgu (Borgo), where a French force of 700 men...
elite culture and people in Corsica at the time. It was drafted by PasqualePaoli, and inspired by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who, commissioned by the Corsicans...
alongside PasqualePaoli during the Corsican war of independence against France. After the Corsican defeat at Ponte Novu in 1769 and Paoli's exile in Britain...
M. Bartoli, PasqualePaoli, père de la patrie corse, Albatros, 1974, p. 29. "There is one area where the pioneering nature of Paoli's institutions is...
was fought over by the Genoese Republic and the Kingdom of France. PasqualePaoli led a rebellion by Corsicans against the various foreign powers contesting...
M. Bartoli, PasqualePaoli, père de la patrie corse, Albatros, 1974, p. 29. "There is one area where the pioneering nature of Paoli's institutions is...
in his island; Paoli wanted the Italian language to be the official language of the newly founded Corsican Republic. PasqualePaoli's appeal in 1768 against...
years. Upon his return, he aligned himself with the republican leader PasqualePaoli, taking on the role of his part-time secretary. During this period,...
subsequent befriending of the Corsican independence movement leader, General PasqualePaoli. The British involvement in the issues of Corsica included the Corsican...
irredentism. The so-called Babbu di a Patria ("Father of the fatherland"), as PasqualePaoli was nicknamed by the Corsican Italians, wrote in his Letters the following...
increasingly reactionary nationalist leader, PasqualePaoli, and was forced to flee to the French mainland. Paoli's followers looted and burned much of the...
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