Partially premixed combustion (PPC), also known as PPCI (partially-premixed compression ignition) or GDCI (gasoline direct-injection compression-ignition) [1][2][3][4] is a modern combustion process intended to be used in internal combustion engines of automobiles and other motorized vehicles in the future. Its high specific power, high fuel efficiency and low exhaust pollution have made it a promising technology. As a compression-ignition engine, the fuel mixture ignites due to the increase in temperature that occurs with compression rather than a spark from a spark plug.[5] A PPC engine injects and premixes a charge during the compression stroke. This premixed charge is too lean to ignite during the compression stroke – the charge will ignite after the last fuel injection ends near TDC. The fuel efficiency and working principle of a PPC engine resemble those of Diesel engine, but the PPC engine can be run with a variety of fuels. Also, the partially premixed charge burns clean.[6] Challenges with using gasoline in a PPC engine arise due to the low lubricity of gasoline and the low cetane value of gasoline. Use of fuel additives or gasoline-diesel or gasoline-biodiesel blends can mitigate the various problems with gasoline.[7]
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^Putrasari, Yanuandri; Lim, Ocktaeck (2019). "A Review of Gasoline Compression Ignition: A Promising Technology Potentially Fueled with Mixtures of Gasoline and Biodiesel to Meet Future Engine Efficiency and Emission Targets". Energies. 12 (2): 238. doi:10.3390/en12020238.
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^Putrasari, Yanuandri; Lim, Ocktaeck (2019). "A Review of Gasoline Compression Ignition: A Promising Technology Potentially Fueled with Mixtures of Gasoline and Biodiesel to Meet Future Engine Efficiency and Emission Targets". Energies. 12 (2): 238. doi:10.3390/en12020238. the lubricity of market gasoline is not adequate to protect today's fuel injection components, so either the engine components must become more robust or fuel lubricity additives will be needed. Furthermore, the major challenge for GCI is the very small cetane value of gasoline that is usually estimated to be no higher than about 15. This low value leads to long ignition delays and misfires.
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derivative ideas have also been experimented with by Caterpillar. Partiallypremixedcombustion Diesel engine Kokjohn, S L; Hanson, R M; Splitter, D A; Reitz...
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of an Acoustically Forced Turbulent Lean Premixed Flame: A Quantitative Experimental Determination". Combustion Science and Technology. 185: 180–199. doi:10...
Spark-Ignition Engines" Combustion & Flame, 122 233-252 (2000). 1999. K H Luo, "Combustion Effects on Turbulence in a PartiallyPremixed Supersonic Diffusion...
disappearance of the yellow color typical of a fire whirl. Blue whirls are partiallypremixed flames that reside elevated in the recirculation region of the vortex-breakdown...
oxidation cycle to preheat the input gases to partially oxidize them. The preheated gases enter a combustion chamber that is heated by an external fuel source...
books include Combustion Science and Engineering, CRC Press, Advanced Thermodynamics Engineering, and Environmental Implications of Combustion Processes....
temperature combustion mode: Known as HCCI or premixed CIDI combustion (PCCI, PPCI), ignition and flame propagation in low temperature combustion mode is...
accelerators or retarders, superplasticizers, pigments, or silica fume. The premixed paste is then blended with aggregates and any remaining batch water and...
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