"Polish Parliament" redirects here. For the expression, see Polish parliament (expression).
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Parliament of Poland
Parlament Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
10th term Sejm and 11th term Senate
Type
Type
Bicameral
Houses
Senate (upper)
Sejm(lower)
Term limits
4 years
Leadership
Marshal of the Senate
Małgorzata Maria Kidawa- Błońska, PO since 13 November 2023
Marshal of the Sejm
Szymon Hołownia, PL2050 since 13 November 2023
Structure
Seats
560
consisting of
100 senators
460 deputies
Senate political groups
Government (60)
KO (41)
PO (36)
T!DP (1)
Independent (4)
TD (12)
PL2050 (5)
PSL (4)
UED (1)[a]
CdP (1)[b]
Independent (1)[c]
The Left (7)
NL (5)
UP (1)[d]
PPS (1)[e]
Confidence and supply (6) Independent and Self-Governing (4)
The Left (2)
LR (2)
Opposition(34)
ZP (34)
PiS (29)
SP (1)[f]
Independent (4)
Sejm political groups
Government (241)
KO (157)
PO (127)
.N (6)
iPL (4)
Greens (3)
T!DPL (2)
Au (1)
Independent (14)
PL2050 – TD (33)
PSL – TD (32)
PSL (28)
CdP (3)
Independent (1)
The Left (19)
NL (19)
Confidence and supply (7)
The Left (7)
LR (7)
Opposition (210)
ZP (189)
PiS (163)
SP (18)
ONRP (5)
PS (1)
Independent (2)
KWiN (18)
NN (8)
RN (6)
KKP (4)
K15 (3)
Vacant (2)
Elections
Senate voting system
First-past-the-post voting
Sejm voting system
Proportional representationa
Last Senate election
15 October 2023
Last Sejm election
15 October 2023
Next Senate election
2027
Next Sejm election
2027
Meeting place
Sejm chamber, Warsaw
Senate chamber, Warsaw
Footnotes
a Open-list proportional representation in 41 constituencies (5% national electoral threshold, 8% national electoral threshold for coalitions).
The parliament of Poland is the bicameral legislature of Poland. It is composed of an upper house (the Senate) and a lower house (the Sejm). Both houses are accommodated in the Sejm and Senate Complex in Warsaw. The Constitution of Poland does not refer to the Parliament as a body, but only to the Sejm and Senate.
Members of both houses are elected by direct election, usually every four years. The Sejm has 460 members, while the Senate has 100 senators. To become law, a bill must first be approved by both houses, but the Sejm can override a Senate refusal to pass a bill.
On certain occasions, the Marshal of the Sejm summons the National Assembly, a joint session of the members of both houses. It is mostly ceremonial in nature, and it only convenes occasionally, such as to witness the inauguration of the President. Under exceptional circumstances, the constitution endows the National Assembly with great responsibilities and powers, such as to bring the President before the State Tribunal (impeachment). The largest party in the Sejm is Law and Justice (PiS) with 194 out of 460 seats in Sejm. Senate Pact 2023 is leading in the Senate with 66 out of 100 seats. The two debating halls have designated seats for the deputies, senators and the single Marshal (speaker) of each. Senators and deputies are equipped with voting devices.
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