Global InformationParamecium biaurelia information
| Paramecium biaurelia | |
|---|---|
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| Paramecium biaurelia with large nucleus and smaller vacuole containing bacteria | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Ciliophora |
| Class: | Oligohymenophorea |
| Order: | Peniculida |
| Family: | Parameciidae |
| Genus: | Paramecium |
| Species: | P. biaurelia
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| Binomial name | |
| Paramecium biaurelia Sonneborn, 1975[1]
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Paramecium biaurelia is a species of unicellular ciliates under the genus Paramecium, and one of the cryptic species of Paramecium aurelia.[2] It is a free-living protist in water bodies and harbours several different bacteria as endosymbionts.[3][4][5] Although the bacteria are parasites by definition, they also exhibit mutual relationship with the protist by providing survival benefits.[6] It is used as an organism model in the study of the effects of gravitational forces in different environments.[7][8][9]
Paramecium biaurelia was described by Tracy Morton Sonneborn in 1975 while analysing the different cryptic species of P. aurelia.[1]
- ^ a b Sonneborn, T. M. (1975). "The Paramecium aurelia Complex of Fourteen Sibling Species". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 94 (2): 155–178. doi:10.2307/3224977. JSTOR 3224977.
- ^ Tarcz, Sebastian; Sawka-Gądek, Natalia; Przyboś, Ewa (2018). "Worldwide sampling reveals low genetic variability in populations of the freshwater ciliate Paramecium biaurelia (P. aurelia species complex, Ciliophora, Protozoa)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 18 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1007/s13127-017-0357-z. S2CID 3863879.
- ^ Barhey, K.; Gibson, I. (1984). "A study on the conditions for infection of Holospora caryophila, a macronuclear symbiont of Paramecium biaurelia". Micron and Microscopica Acta. 15 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1016/0739-6260(84)90040-6.
- ^ Szokoli, Franziska; Castelli, Michele; Sabaneyeva, Elena; Schrallhammer, Martina; Krenek, Sascha; Doak, Thomas G.; Berendonk, Thomas U.; Petroni, Giulio (2016). Drake, H. L. (ed.). "Disentangling the Taxonomy of Rickettsiales and Description of Two Novel Symbionts ("Candidatus Bealeia paramacronuclearis" and "Candidatus Fokinia cryptica") Sharing the Cytoplasm of the Ciliate Protist Paramecium biaurelia". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 82 (24): 7236–7247. Bibcode:2016ApEnM..82.7236S. doi:10.1128/AEM.02284-16. PMC 5118934. PMID 27742680.
- ^ Beier, Cora L.; Horn, Matthias; Michel, Rolf; Schweikert, Michael; Görtz, Hans-Dieter; Wagner, Michael (2002). "The Genus Caedibacter Comprises Endosymbionts of Paramecium spp. Related to the Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria) and to Francisella tularensis (Gammaproteobacteria)". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (12): 6043–6050. Bibcode:2002ApEnM..68.6043B. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.12.6043-6050.2002. PMC 134415. PMID 12450827.
- ^ Bella, Chiara; Koehler, Lars; Grosser, Katrin; Berendonk, Thomas U.; Petroni, Giulio; Schrallhammer, Martina (2016). "Fitness Impact of Obligate Intranuclear Bacterial Symbionts Depends on Host Growth Phase". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 2084. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02084. PMC 5177645. PMID 28066397.
- ^ Krause, Martin; Bräucker, Richard; Hemmersbach, Ruth (2006). "Graviresponses of Paramecium biaurelia during parabolic flights". Protoplasma. 229 (2–4): 109–116. doi:10.1007/s00709-006-0207-x. PMID 17180491. S2CID 25716421.
- ^ Hemmersbach, R.; Voormanns, R.; Hader, D. P. (1996). "Graviresponses in Paramecium biaurelia under different accelerations: studies on the ground and in space". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 199 (Pt 10): 2199–2205. doi:10.1242/jeb.199.10.2199. PMID 11541118.
- ^ Hemmersbach, R.; Voormanns, R.; Bromeis, B.; Schmidt, N.; Rabien, H.; Ivanova, K. (1998). "Comparative studies of the graviresponses of paramecium and loxodes". Advances in Space Research. 21 (8–9): 1285–1289. Bibcode:1998AdSpR..21.1285H. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00400-6. PMID 11541383.