Paper products: book, toilet paper, ruled paper, carton, egg box
Material type
Thin material
Physical properties
Density (ρ)
From 10 gsm to 3000 gsm
Paper
"Paper" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese
紙
Simplified Chinese
纸
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
zhǐ
IPA
[ʈʂɨ̀]
Wu
Shanghainese Romanization
tsy5
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
jí
Jyutping
zi2
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
choá
Tâi-lô
tsuá
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses, or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through a fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year.[not verified in body] It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, painting, graphics, signage, design, packaging, decorating, writing, and cleaning. It may also be used as filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency, and security paper, or in a number of industrial and construction processes.
The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE,[1] by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China.[2] The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States following.
^Hogben, Lancelot. "Printing, Paper and Playing Cards". Bennett, Paul A. (ed.) Books and Printing: A Treasury for Typophiles. New York: The World Publishing Company, 1951. pp. 15–31. p. 17. & Mann, George. Print: A Manual for Librarians and Students Describing in Detail the History, Methods, and Applications of Printing and Paper Making. London: Grafton & Co., 1952. p. 77
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