Molecular clock and ichnofossils indicate a possible Ediacaran origin[1][2]
Panarthropods include onychophorans such as Peripatopsis and arthropods such as polydesmid millipedes
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Clade:
ParaHoxozoa
Clade:
Bilateria
Clade:
Nephrozoa
(unranked):
Protostomia
Superphylum:
Ecdysozoa
(unranked):
Panarthropoda Nielsen, 1995
Phyla
†"Lobopodia" (paraphyletic)
Onychophora
Tardigrada
Arthropoda
Panarthropoda is a proposed animal clade containing the extant phyla Arthropoda, Tardigrada (water bears) and Onychophora (velvet worms).[3]Panarthropods also include extinct marine legged worms known as lobopodians ("Lobopodia"), a paraphyletic group where the last common ancestor and basal members (stem-group) of each extant panarthropod phylum are thought to have risen.[4][5][6][7][8][9] However the term "Lobopodia" is sometimes expanded to include tardigrades and onychophorans as well.[5]
Common characteristics of the Panarthropoda include a segmented body, paired ladder-like ventral nervous system, and the presence of paired appendages correlated with body segments.[10][5][6][8]
^Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Daley, Allison C.; Pisani, Davide. "Molecular Timetrees Reveal a Cambrian Colonization of Land and a New Scenario for Ecdysozoan Evolution" Current Biology, Volume 23, Issue 5 (31 January, 2013) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.026
^Chen, Zhe; Chen, Xiang; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (6 June 2018). "Late Ediacaran trackways produced by bilaterian animals with paired appendages". Science Advances. 4 (6). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao6691. hdl:10919/84444.
^Cite error: The named reference Telford2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcCite error: The named reference OrtegaHernandez2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abOrtega-Hernández, Javier; Janssen, Ralf; Budd, Graham E. (2017-05-01). "Origin and evolution of the panarthropod head – A palaeobiological and developmental perspective". Arthropod Structure & Development. Evolution of Segmentation. 46 (3): 354–379. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.011. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 27989966.
^Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-06-17). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology. 29 (12): R592–R602. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211983. S2CID 189926344.
^ abChipman, Ariel D.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2019-10-09). "Developing an integrated understanding of the evolution of arthropod segmentation using fossils and evo-devo". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1912): 20191881. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1881. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6790758. PMID 31575373.
^Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2020-11-02). "Arthropod origins: Integrating paleontological and molecular evidence". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 51 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. ISSN 1543-592X. S2CID 225478171.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Panarthropoda is a proposed animal clade containing the extant phyla Arthropoda, Tardigrada (water bears) and Onychophora (velvet worms). Panarthropods...
Arthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada have been grouped together as the Panarthropoda because they are distinguished by segmented body plans. Dunn et al....
Arthropoda and Tardigrada, with which they form the proposed taxon Panarthropoda. This makes them of palaeontological interest, as they can help reconstruct...
Palaeoscolecid. It may be paraphyletic, or may be a sister group to Panarthropoda. Or perhaps Panarthropoda is paraphyletic with respect to Cycloneuralia. The group...
including only extinct Panarthropods near the base of crown Panarthropoda. Crown Panarthropoda comprises the three extant Panarthropod phyla – Onychophora...
Segmentation in Tardigrada and diversification of segmental patterns in Panarthropoda Mayer G, Martin C, Pflüger H, Schlegel M (2013). "Selective neuronal...
and Claus Nielsen proposed that the wider group should be labelled "Panarthropoda" ("all the arthropods") while the animals with jointed limbs and hardened...
where the position of the Loricifera was uncertain or as sister to the Panarthropoda. Both studies supported a reduced Scalidophora comprising the Kinorhyncha...
Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia (unranked): Panarthropoda Genus: †Omnidens Hou, Bergström, and Yang, 2006 Type species Omnidens...
Mitogenomics: Evidence for a Common Origin of the Legged Invertebrates, the Panarthropoda". Genome Biology and Evolution. 2: 425–440. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030....
taxon of animals with segmented bodies, consisting of Annelida and Panarthropoda. This theory states that these groups are descended from a common segmented...
Caecilians and many squamate lineages convergently lost their legs. Panarthropoda: no less than four legs. Velvet worms and some arthropods have more...
"Segmentation in Tardigrada and diversification of segmental patterns in Panarthropoda". Arthropod Structure & Development. Evolution of Segmentation. 46 (3):...
Y, Ma J, Lin W, Sun A, Zhang X, Fu D (2021). "New anomalocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta) from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Biostratigraphic...
University in Belgium. Phylogenetic position of Aegirocassis within Panarthropoda, according to Pates et al. (2022). Paleontology portal Pseudoangustidontus...
List of bilateral animal orders contains the Bilateria of the animal subkingdom Eumetazoa, divided into four superphyla, Deuterostomia, and the three Protostome...
Lagerstätte expanded the palaeogeographical distribution of tamisiocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta)". PalZ. 95 (2): 209–221. doi:10.1007/s12542-020-00545-4...
Mitogenomics: Evidence for a Common Origin of the Legged Invertebrates, the Panarthropoda". Genome Biology and Evolution. 2: 425–440. doi:10.1093/gbe/evq030....
Zhang, Xingliang; Fu, Dongjing (1 May 2021). "New anomalocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta) from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Biostratigraphic...
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