This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Pair gain" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(February 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
In telephony, pair gain is the transmission of multiple plain old telephone service (POTS) channels over the twisted pair local loop traditionally used for a single subscriber line in telephone systems. Pair gain has the effect of creating additional subscriber lines. This is typically used as an expedient way to solve subscriber line shortages at a location by using existing wiring, instead of installing new wires from the central office to the customer premises. The term was invented in the middle 20th century by analogy with earlier use of gain to extend telephone local loops far from the telephone exchange.
A pair gain system consists of concentrators or multiplexers which combine the individual channels into a single signal that is transmitted through the existing copper cable pair. The signals are then separated into individual subscriber lines at the customer premises. The pair gain unit which performs the multiplexing can provide a second telephone connection over a single subscriber line (called an Analog Multi-Line Carrier or AML) in circumstances where a customer wants to add a new phone line for a fax machine or dial-up internet connection. A larger analog pair gain system made by Anaconda in the 1960s provided seven lines. Some pair gain units can expand the number of subscriber lines available over a single copper pair to as many as sixty. Large pair gain units are stored in serving area interfaces or metal cabinets typically resembling small apartment-sized refrigerators alongside or near roadways that overlie communications rights-of-way.
DACS (Digital Access Carrier System) is a form of pair gain used in the United Kingdom. It uses a form of time-division multiple access called ISDN.
Analog pair gain came into disfavor in the 21st century, as it is detrimental to high speed dial-up modem connections, does not support 56k and is incompatible with digital subscriber line (DSL) systems. 20th century Subscriber Loop Carrier systems had similar problems. More recent digital pair gain systems, however, restore 56k and DSL capabilities by performing the functions of a DSLAM at the pair gain device.
More recently, the term pair gain has been used to refer to any multiplex/demultiplex unit used between the central office and end users, not just equipment used with copper twisted pair.
Where digital loop carrier (called Remote Integrated Multiplexer in Australia) is installed, broadband Internet subscribers may be disappointed when informed that although initial line checks were successful, high speed connections such as ADSL are unavailable due to infrastructure issues. The problem is that pair gain lines cannot carry high speed data.[1]
In telephony, pairgain is the transmission of multiple plain old telephone service (POTS) channels over the twisted pair local loop traditionally used...
Darlington pair behaves like a single transistor, meaning it has one base, collector, and emitter. It typically creates a high current gain (approximately...
V_{\text{out}}=A(V_{\text{in}}^{+}-V_{\text{in}}^{-}),} where A {\displaystyle A} is the gain of the amplifier. Single amplifiers are usually implemented by either adding...
real estate brokerage (originally established by the pair in 2003), and the Magnolia App. Gaines is also the New York Times bestselling author or co-author...
used by British Telecom (BT Group plc) in the United Kingdom for a 0+2 pairgain system. For almost as long as telephones have been a common feature in...
sometimes as a backup to other means. Later lines were digital, used in pair-gain applications, such as carrier systems, or in enterprise data networks...
modems; data transmission applications such as digital loop carriers, pairgain multiplexers, telephone loop extenders, integrated services digital network...
links and traditional media technologies, such as analog telephone lines, pair-gain devices, carrier systems, are called media gateways. A call agent may...
real estate brokerage (originally established by the pair in 2003), and the Magnolia App. Gaines is also the New York Times bestselling author of two...
modems; data transmission applications such as digital loop carriers, pairgain multiplexers, telephone loop extenders, integrated services digital network...
[citation needed] The current gain of the Sziklai pair is similar to that of a Darlington pair and is the product of the current gains of the two transistors...
to deceive or bunk off work, but these are usually short-lived and the pairgain the upper hand in the end. Michael Sheard as the general manager of the...
Discounted cumulative gain (DCG) is a measure of ranking quality in information retrieval. It is often normalized so that it is comparable across queries...
and noise. The DLC solution was dubbed "pairgain" (from the days when DLC was deployed to recover copper pairs in the loop plant environment). In a typical...
an amino acid Digital pairgain, a telecommunications term for delivering multiple phone lines over a single copper pair An abbreviation for doubleplusgood...
Automatic gain control (AGC) is a closed-loop feedback regulating circuit in an amplifier or chain of amplifiers, the purpose of which is to maintain a...
transistor (sometimes a pair of transistors) or other active device. The most common reason for using multiple stages is to increase the gain of the amplifier...
Trek and Twilight. As the public became exposed to their music, the pairgained a cult following online who pleaded for their compositions to be made...
ago and hidden away secretly on earth. Anyone who finds the scrolls would gain unlimited power. However, the night the group is about to start on their...
Upon the release of their Passion Pit bootleg remix in May 2012, the pairgained attention from music blogs. In February 2013 Peking Duk released "The...
Pair of Kings is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the cable channel Disney XD from September 22, 2010, to February 18, 2013. It premiered...
R gain {\displaystyle R_{\text{gain}}} , providing easy changes to the gain of the circuit, without the complexity of having to switch matched pairs of...
UCLA. Nicholas later moved to PairGain Technologies in Cerritos, where he was director of microelectronics. He left PairGain in 1991 to start Broadcom Corporation...
Global Information