Pagurus bernhardus is the common marine hermit crab of Europe's Atlantic coasts. It is sometimes referred to as the common hermit crab or soldier crab. Its carapace reaches 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in) long,[2] and is found in both rocky and sandy areas, from the Arctic waters of Iceland, Svalbard and Russia as far south as southern Portugal, but its range does not extend as far as the Mediterranean Sea. It can be found in pools on the upper shore and at the mean tide level down to a depth of approximately 140 metres (460 ft), with smaller specimens generally found in rock pools around the middle shore and lower shore regions, with larger individuals at depth. P. bernhardus is an omnivorous detritivore[3][4] that opportunistically scavenges for carrion,[5] and which can also filter feed when necessary.[6]
Illustration by Augusta Foote Arnold.
Pagurus bernhardus uses shells of a number of gastropod species for protection, including Littorina littorea, Littorina obtusata, Nassarius reticulatus, Gibbula umbilicalis, Nucella lapillus and Buccinum.[7][8] In the warmer parts of its range, the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica is often found growing on the shell occupied by Pagurus bernhardus. In colder waters, this role is filled by Hormathia digitata. Hermit crabs fight one another for gastropod shells and have a preference for shells of certain species.[8]
^Michael Türkay (2011). Lemaitre R, McLaughlin P (eds.). "Pagurus bernhardus (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Paguroidea & Lomisoidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
^E. Wilson (2007). "Hermit crab – Pagurus bernhardus". Marine Life Information Network. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
^Ernst S. Reese (1969). "Behavioural adaptations of intertidal hermit crabs". American Zoologist. 9 (2): 343–355. doi:10.1093/icb/9.2.343. JSTOR 3881807.
^J. H. Orton (1927). "On the mode of feeding of the hermit crab Eupagurus bernhardus and some other decapods" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 14 (4): 909–921. doi:10.1017/S0025315400051146.
^M. E. Laidre & R. W. Elwood (2008). "Motivation matters: cheliped extension displays in the hermit crab, Pagurus bernhardus, are honest signals of hunger". Animal Behaviour. 75 (6): 2041–2047. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.11.011.
^S. A. Gerlach, D. K. Ekstrøm and P. B. Eckardt (1976). "Filter feeding in the hermit crab, Pagurus bernhardus". Oecologia. 24 (3): 257–264. doi:10.1007/BF00345477. JSTOR 4215284.
^"Common hermit crab (Pagurus bernhardus)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
^ abBrian A. Hazlett (1967). "Interspecific shell fighting between Pagurus bernhardus and Pagurus cuanensis (Decapoda, Paguridea)". Sarsia. 29 (1): 215–220. doi:10.1080/00364827.1967.10411083.
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Pagurusbernhardus is the common marine hermit crab of Europe's Atlantic coasts. It is sometimes referred to as the common hermit crab or soldier crab...
(January 2006). "Inter-annual variability of the epibiotic community on Pagurusbernhardus from Scotland". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 66 (1–2): 35–54...
family Nereididae. It lives in association with a hermit crab such as Pagurusbernhardus. It occurs in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the...
crab belongs to the Pagurus genera, along with the hairy hermit crab, or Pagurus pubescens, and the aforementioned Pagurusbernhardus. The abundance of...
Marianne Pan. "Pagurus armatus". SeaLifeBase. Retrieved March 31, 2009. "Discover Life map of Pagurus armatus". Retrieved March 31, 2009. "Pagurus armatus (armed...
comb jelly is preyed upon by crustaceans such as the hermit crab Pagurusbernhardus, the crab Carcinus maenas and the shrimp Crangon crangon. WoRMS (2014)...
position may be more distinct in some species, such as those in the genus Pagurus. The second variation called the "cheliped extension", is usually a purely...
Pagurus hirsutiusculus is a species of hermit crab, commonly called the hairy hermit crab. It lives from the Bering Strait south to California and Japan...
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In one study, it was found that the behavior of the hermit crab Pagurusbernhardus, when attempting to choose a shell, was modified when subjected to...
Paguridae, with some authors placing their ancestors within the genus Pagurus. This family contains 542 species in over 70 genera: Acanthopagurus de...
shells are therefore highly valuable to them. When hermit crabs (Pagurusbernhardus) are given an electric shock, they leave their shells and subsequently...
term used in different parts of the world for different crustaceans: Pagurusbernhardus, a European hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus, a Caribbean hermit crab...
the same shell. In the British Isles, the hermit crab is usually Pagurusbernhardus, but other species may be associated with C. parasitica in other parts...
of about 2.5 cm (1 in). Host hermit crabs include Pagurusbernhardus, Pagurus pubescens, and Pagurus dalli. Clistosaccus paguri occurs in both the northern...
except the limbs of crustaceans and the discs of ophiuroids. The crab Pagurusbernhardus was the most likely scavenger to consume O. ophiura in baited traps...
(1981) reporting damage to male reproductive organs in host species Pagurusbernhardus, Anapagurus hyndmanni and Cancer irroratus, while Brinkmann (1930)...
disrupts resource assessment and decision making in the hermit crab Pagurusbernhardus". Animal Behaviour. 82 (3) (3 ed.): 495–501. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav...
"Motivation matters: cheliped extension displays in the hermit crab, Pagurusbernhardus, are honest signals of hunger". Animal Behaviour. 75 (6): 2041–2047...
Notopus dorsipes Cancer symmysta – Albunea symmysta Cancer bernhardus – Pagurusbernhardus Cancer diogenes – Petrochirus diogenes Cancer gammarus – European...
Bougainvillia ramosa, the barnacle Balanus balanus, the hermit crab Pagurusbernhardus and the squat lobster Munida rugosa. World Register of Marine Species...
are likely to be the crabs Cancer pagurus, Necora puber and Liocarcinus spp., and the hermit crab, Pagurusbernhardus. On rocky outcrops among the seething...
of almost 100 per cent have been demonstrated for the hermit crab, Pagurusbernhardus. The idea of banning discards is that since the fish that are discarded...
serratus, the common blenny or shanny Lipophrys pholis, the cushion starfish Asterina gibbosa and the hermit crab Pagurusbernhardus. Wembury Marine Centre...
Bougainvillia muscus. The barnacle Balanus balanus and the hermit crab Pagurusbernhardus can often be seen in the vicinity and the squat lobster Munida rugosa...
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