Dora Barrios, Frances Silva, and Lorena Encinas held in the Los Angeles County Jail during the 1943 Sleepy Lagoon trial
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Pachucas (from pachuca, the female counterpart to the pachuco) were Mexican American women who wore zoot suits during World War II, also known as "cholitas", "slick chicks", and "lady zoot suiters". The suit was a symbol of rebellion due to the rationing of cloth for the war effort. Wearing the longer and loose-fitting jackets and pants was therefore seen as being unpatriotic.[1] The zoot suit was the most salient identifying feature of "pachuquismo", a Mexican American youth subculture. This subculture emerged during a time of increased racism and the fight for Mexican American rights and equality within American society. Both men and women wore the fingertip coats, but for women it became more than just a style. Pachuca gangs, like the Black Widows and Slick Chicks, with their black drape jackets, tight skirts, fishnet stockings and heavily emphasized make-up, were ridiculed in the press.[1][2] This was not just the case for pachuca women in gangs, but pachuca women in general. Participation in the movement was a way to openly challenge conventional notions of feminine beauty and sexuality, especially in Mexican culture.[1][3][4][5][6][7]
^ abcRamirez, Catherine (2009). The Woman in The Zoot Suit: Gender, Nationalism, and The Cultural Politics of Memory. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. xi–xiii, 53–57, 66–68, 83–85.
^Cosgrove, Stuart (1984). "The Zoot-Suit and Style Warfare". History Workshop Journal. 18 (1): 77–91, 84–85. doi:10.1093/hwj/18.1.77. ISSN 1477-4569.
^Pagán, Eduardo (2000). "Los Angeles Geopolitics and The Zoot Suit Riot, 1943". Social Science History. 1: 223–256. doi:10.1017/S0145553200010129. S2CID 145233558 – via JSTOR.
^Payette, William (June 11, 1943). "Hobble Skirts Hide Razors: Zoot Suitors Run for Cover But their 'Cholitas' Carry On". The Washington Post.
^Escobedo, Elizabeth (2015). From Coveralls to Zoot Suits: The Lives of Mexican American Women on the World War II Home Front. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 11, 24, 37.
^Ramirez, Catherine (2006). "Saying "Nothin": Pachucas and the Languages of Resistance". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 27 (3): 1–33. JSTOR 4137381.
^"Zoot Suit Girls". National Museum of American History. 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
in Mexican culture. Las Pachucas or 'cholitas' were the female counterpart to the male zoot suiter, or pachuco. Las Pachucas were involved in much of...
Pachuca (Spanish pronunciation: [paˈtʃuka] ; Mezquital Otomi: Nju̱nthe), formally known as Pachuca de Soto, is the capital and largest city of the east-central...
people. Some women even reported that they had heard of pachucas hiding knives in their hair. Pachucas formed their own gangs, joined the male pachuco gangs...
rebellion, especially in Los Angeles. It spread to women who became known as pachucas and were perceived as unruly, masculine, and un-American. Some pachucos...
"Pachuquillo" a diminutive of Pachuca. Later the town of Pachuca de Soto and the municipality were named Pachuca. The Pachucas form the northeastern boundary...
Plaza Galerias Pachuca is a two-story shopping mall in the city of Pachuca, capital of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. "Galerías Pachuca pide a usuarios...
clothes. The only totally and truly American civilian suit." Pachucos and Pachucas were early Chicano youth who participated in a subculture that fashioned...
City of Pachuca de Soto (Ciudad de Pachuca de Soto). The Municipality of Pachuca is increasingly co-extensive with the metropolitan area of Pachuca, as development...
Nelson Kiki Roberts - Legs Diamond Femme fatale Moll (Australian slang) Pachucas Ride-or-die chick Nightclub singer "gun moll", The American Heritage® Dictionary...
de Futbol Mexicano Banorte or simply known as Copa Pachuca is the 14th edition of the Copa Pachuca. 2009-07-16 17:00 Estadio Hidalgo Referee: Miguel Ángel...
The Pachuca's Monumental Clock is a clock tower 40 m high, located in Plaza Independencia of the Historic centre of the city of Pachuca, in Hidalgo State...
featuring 27 teams and a five-round knockout phase. As winners of the final, Pachuca qualified for the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup in the United States alongside...
awarded the Copa Sudamericana Golden Boot in 2013. Valencia also played for Pachuca in Mexico, being awarded the Liga MX Golden Boot in the 2014 Clausura tournament...
Pachuca Puerto Rico is a soccer team that was renamed from Tornados de Humacao for the 2009 season in the Puerto Rico Soccer League. The team plays in...
their inaugural season on 1 January 2025. Lozano began his career with Pachuca, winning the 2016 Clausura and the 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League, playing...
central midfielder for Liga MX club Pachuca. After several loan spells in Colombia and Argentina, Liga MX club Pachuca announced the permanent signing of...
Copa Pachuca 99 was the first edition of the Copa Pachuca in Mexico. Club Deportivo Guadalajara managed to snag the first Copa Pachuca championship in...
Cuadrangular Cuna de Futbol Mexicano or simply known as Copa Pachuca is the 19th edition of the Copa Pachuca. 2014-07-10 17:00 Estadio Hidalgo Referee: Miguel Ángel...
The Pachuca metropolitan area (Spanish: Zona metropolitana de Pachuca de Soto) is a metropolitan area located in the state of Hidalgo in Mexico. It consists...
are all Mexican: América, Cruz Azul, Pachuca and Monterrey. The current champions of the competition are Pachuca, who defeated Columbus Crew in the 2024...
December 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Cummings, Laura Lee (2009). Pachucas and Pachucos in Tucson: Situated Border Lives. Southwest Center. University...
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