Global InformationPablo Neruda information
Pablo Neruda | |
|---|---|
 Neruda in 1963 | |
| Born | Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto 12 July 1904 Parral, Maule Region, Chile |
| Died | 23 September 1973 (aged 69) Santiago, Chile |
| Occupations |
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| Political party | Communist |
| Spouses | Marijke Antonieta Hagenaar Vogelzang
(m. 1930; div. 1942)Delia del Carril
(m. 1943; div. 1955)Matilde Urrutia Cerda
(m. 1966) |
| Children | 1 |
| Awards |
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| Signature | |
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Pablo Neruda (/nəˈruːdə/ nə-ROO-də;[1] Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo neˈɾuða] ⓘ; born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto; 12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973) was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature.[2] Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old and wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and passionate love poems such as the ones in his collection Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924).
Neruda occupied many diplomatic positions in various countries during his lifetime and served a term as a senator for the Chilean Communist Party. When President Gabriel González Videla outlawed communism in Chile in 1948, a warrant was issued for Neruda's arrest. Friends hid him for months in the basement of a house in the port city of Valparaíso, and in 1949, he escaped through a mountain pass near Maihue Lake into Argentina; he would not return to Chile for more than three years. He was a close advisor to Chile's socialist president Salvador Allende, and when he got back to Chile after accepting his Nobel Prize in Stockholm, Allende invited him to read at the Estadio Nacional before 70,000 people.[3]
Neruda was hospitalized with cancer in September 1973, at the time of the coup d'état led by Augusto Pinochet that overthrew Allende's government, but returned home after a few days when he suspected a doctor of injecting him with an unknown substance for the purpose of murdering him on Pinochet's orders.[4]
Neruda died at his home in Isla Negra on 23 September 1973, just hours after leaving the hospital. Although it was long reported that he died of heart failure, the interior ministry of the Chilean government issued a statement in 2015 acknowledging a ministry document indicating the government's official position that "it was clearly possible and highly likely" that Neruda was killed as a result of "the intervention of third parties".[5] However, an international forensic test conducted in 2013 rejected allegations that he was poisoned. It was concluded that he had been suffering from prostate cancer.[6][7] In 2023, after forensics testing, it was discovered that the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, some strains of which can produce toxins, was present in some of his body.[8][9] However, the family's claim that the forensic test proved he was poisoned was called into question, as it was not determined that the bacteria in him was even harmful.[10]
Neruda is often considered the national poet of Chile, and his works have been popular and influential worldwide. The Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez once called him "the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language",[11] and the critic Harold Bloom included Neruda as one of the writers central to the Western tradition in his book The Western Canon.
- ^ "Neruda". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971".
- ^ Wyman, Eva Goldschmidt; Zurita, Magdalena Fuentes (2002). The Poets and the General: Chile's Voices of Dissent under Augusto Pinochet 1973–1989 (1st ed.). Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones. p. 18. ISBN 978-956-282-491-0. In Spanish and English.
- ^ "Neruda fue asesinado". Proceso (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Shoichet, Catherine E. (13 November 2013). "Tests find no proof Pablo Neruda was poisoned; some still skeptical". CNN. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ Chappell, Bill (8 November 2013). "Poet Pablo Neruda Was Not Poisoned, Officials in Chile Say". NPR.
- ^ Donovan, Michelle (15 February 2023). "Was Pablo Neruda poisoned? New analysis shows covert assassination remains a possibility in Chilean poet-politician's mysterious death". McMaster University. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ Nicas, Jack (15 February 2023). "Was Pablo Neruda Murdered?". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ^ Roth, Clare (20 February 2023). "Pablo Neruda's death: Why the science is inconclusive". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza (1 March 1983). The Fragrance of Guava: Conversations with Gabriel García Márquez. Verso. p. 49. ISBN 9780860910657. Retrieved 4 August 2011.